Functional School
Functional School
Reported By:
Jerome Magpantay
Jennifer Borbon
Grace Ricafort
Aldous John Felix
Lauren Lopez
The Functional School
The Scope and Purpose of Sociological Jurisprudence
by Roscoe Pound
Schools of Jurists and Methods of Jurisprudence
PHILOSOPHICAL SCHOOL HISTORICAL SCHOOL ANALYTICAL SCHOOL
1. Eighteenth-Century-School-of- 1. German Historical School 1. Older Phase
Law - Jurists whose method is - Adhered to analytical method
- represented by Rousseauist philosophical and historical exclusively
School in France and with - Arose in a country dominated by
representatives fin American jurists Philosophical methods and at that
time when the Metaphysical School
was at its strongest
3. Social-Philosophical School
- Have several varieties, but in which
the Neo-Hegelians seem to have
the most fruitful program
Analytical Jurisprudence
• Pursues a comparative study of the purposes, methods and ideas
common to developed systems of law by analysis of such systems and
of their doctrines and institutions in their matured forms.
• The kernel of it is that law “is a product of conscious and increasingly
determinate human will”.
• The characteristics of the analytical school are as follows:
1. They consider developed systems only.
2. They regard the law as something made consciously by lawgivers,
legislative or judicial.
3. They see chiefly the force and constraints behind legal rules.
4. For them typical law is statute.
5. Their philosophical views are usually utilitarian or teleological .
Historical Jurisprudence
• Pursues a comparative study of the origin and development of law, legal
systems, and particular doctrines and institutions.
• In opposition to the analytical jurists, the historical jurists and the philosophical
jurist agree that law is found, not made, differing only to with respect to what
it is that is found.
• Historical school deny that law is a product of conscious or determinate human
will.
• Historical jurists may be characterized as follows:
1. They consider the past rather that the present of law.
2. They regard the law as something that is not and in the long run cannot be made
consciously.
3. They chiefly the social pressure behind legal rules.
4. Their type of law is custom, or those customary modes of decision that make up a body of
juristic tradition or of case of law.
5. As a rule, their philosophical views have been Hegelian; partly because the school arose
when Hegel’s influence was paramount, but partly also because of an intrinsic sympathy.
Philosophical Jurisprudence
• Studies the philosophical and ethical bases of law, legal systems and particular
doctrines and institutions, and criticizes them with respect to such bases.
• Characteristics of philosophical jurists:
1. Are more apt to consider the ideal future of law than its past or present.
2. While agreeing with the historical jurists that the law is not made but is found, yet in
general believe that when found its principles may, and, as a matter of expediency, should
be stated definitely and in certain form.
3. Look at the ethical and moral bases of rules rather that at their sanction.
4. Have no necessary preference for any particular form of law.
5. Hold very diverse philosophical view, so that, in a way, there is not so much a
philosophical school as a group of philosophical schools.
• It has an important function also in supplementing the analytical and the
historical methods in testing the apocryphal reasons worked out in later times
to explain or justify the rules of the past.
Rise of a Sociological School – The Social Philosophical
School
• From the comparison of rules within the legal system, it is but a
step to compare with the rules of other legal systems and to
compare systems themselves. This was the theory of the Ius
Gentium.
• The rule must conform to natural reason, and if it does not, must
be reshaped until it does, or must have reasons made for it. This
is the dominant idea of the Ius Naturale.
Analytical Jurisprudence
• Pursues a comparative study of the purposes, methods and ideas
common to developed systems of law by analysis of such systems and
of their doctrines and institutions in their matured forms.
• The kernel of it is that law “is a product of conscious and increasingly
determinate human will”.
• The characteristics of the analytical school are as follows:
1. They consider developed systems only.
2. They regard the law as something made consciously by lawgivers,
legislative or judicial.
3. They see chiefly the force and constraints behind legal rules.
4. For them typical law is statute.
5. Their philosophical views are usually utilitarian or teleological .
Historical Jurisprudence
• Pursues a comparative study of the origin and development of law, legal
systems, and particular doctrines and institutions.
• In opposition to the analytical jurists, the historical jurists and the philosophical
jurist agree that law is found, not made, differing only to with respect to what
it is that is found.
• Historical school deny that law is a product of conscious or determinate human
will.
• Historical jurists may be characterized as follows:
1. They consider the past rather that the present of law.
2. They regard the law as something that is not and in the long run cannot be made
consciously.
3. They chiefly the social pressure behind legal rules.
4. Their type of law is custom, or those customary modes of decision that make up a body of
juristic tradition or of case of law.
5. As a rule, their philosophical views have been Hegelian; partly because the school arose
when Hegel’s influence was paramount, but partly also because of an intrinsic sympathy.
Philosophical Jurisprudence
• Studies the philosophical and ethical bases of law, legal systems and particular
doctrines and institutions, and criticizes them with respect to such bases.
• Characteristics of philosophical jurists:
1. Are more apt to consider the ideal future of law than its past or present.
2. While agreeing with the historical jurists that the law is not made but is found, yet in
general believe that when found its principles may, and, as a matter of expediency, should
be stated definitely and in certain form.
3. Look at the ethical and moral bases of rules rather that at their sanction.
4. Have no necessary preference for any particular form of law.
5. Hold very diverse philosophical view, so that, in a way, there is not so much a
philosophical school as a group of philosophical schools.
• It has an important function also in supplementing the analytical and the
historical methods in testing the apocryphal reasons worked out in later times
to explain or justify the rules of the past.
Rise of a Sociological School – The Social Philosophical
School
• From the comparison of rules within the legal system, it is but a
step to compare with the rules of other legal systems and to
compare systems themselves. This was the theory of the Ius
Gentium.
• The rule must conform to natural reason, and if it does not, must
be reshaped until it does, or must have reasons made for it. This
is the dominant idea of the Ius Naturale.
Positive, Normative and Functional Schools in Law and
Economics – Franceso Parisi
• Issue:
– Is the sale of the valid and in Accordance with Section 118 of the Commonwealth Act
no. 141?
Ruling:
Section 118 of the Commonwealth Act no. 141
• “That a parcel of land acquired under free patent or
homestead provisions cannot become liable to satisfaction
of any debt contracted prior to the expiration of five years
from the date issuance of the patent”
Analysis of the Facts:
• On December 9, 1938 a homestead patent covering a tract of land Is
situated in the municipality of Midsayap province of Cotabato was granted
to Julio Sarabillio and on March 17, 1939 the original certificate of title
was issued in his favor.
• December 31, 1940, Julio Sarabillio sold 2 hectares to the Roman Catholic
Church of Midsayap for PHP800 for educational and charitable purposes
and was subject for approval of the secretary of Agriculture and Natural
Resources.
• December 1947, a request of Approval was asked for by the Roman
Catholic Church that the land would be used solely for educational and
charitable purposes only.
• The sale was approved March 26, 1949 then March 29, 1950 the deed of
sale was registered in Cotabato. No new title was issued in favor of the
Roman Catholic Church.
• In the meantime Julio Sarabillio died and Delos Santos was appointed
adminstratix of the estate. She said that the sale of the 2 hectare land is in
violation of section 118 of the Commonwealth act. Delos Santos Prayed
that the sale be declared null and Void.
• The defendant Church backed up by “Pari Delicto”
• The Clerk of court ordered Delos Santos to reimburse the PHP800 Plus the
Additional PHP 601 for the improvement and the defendant church to
vacate the land.
ANALYSIS of the Argument
Delos Santos Roman Catholic Church
Delos Santos argued that the sale of the They argue that the sale is legal and valid
land was made in violation of the Section because it has been executed for
118 of the Commonwealth act No. 141 educational and charitable purposes and
and wanted to declare the sale of the land was approved by the Secretary of
null and void. Agriculture and Natural resources.
Conclusion:
• The Right to remain in the Possesion of the
Land is no better than that of Delos Santos
and therefore, they should not be allowed to
remain in it to the prejudice of Delos Santos
during and until the government takes steps
towards its revision to the state.
Justa G. Guido, petitioner
vs
Rural Progress Administration (RPA) c/o Faustino Aguilar, Manager RPA, respondent
ISSUE:
• Whether or not the expropriation of Guido’s
land is in conformity to the principle of social
justice?
RULING
ISSUE:
• Whether or not Yu Singco application for
Naturalization be approved?
• What constitutes "proper and irreproachable
conduct?"
RULES:
• Solicitor general contends that Singco has not conducted himself “in a
proper and irreproachable manner during the entire period of his
residence in the Philippines… ” as required by SECTION 2 of the Revised
Naturalization Law and what constitutes “proper and irreproachable
conduct” within the meaning of the law must be determined not by the
law of the country of Singco but by the standards of morality prevalent in
the country and in these in turn by the religious beliefs and social
concepts existing therein. This country is predominantly Catholic and
universally Christian in religious belief. Both seduction and bigamy are
punished as crimes, and while seduction is a private crime and
illegitimates declared legal heirs, a man and a woman living together as
husband and wife, if known to be unmarried, are in general despised and
avoided in society, even if not considered social outcasts. Society may
pardon the sins of their members, but such pardon should not be
confused with approval.
CONCLUSIONS:
• No, the application should be denied. The court reversed the decision of the trial
court.
• Singco had previously lived with another woman with whom he has had five
children and abandoned them, marrying another. The conduct of Singco cannot be
consider proper and irreproachable within the meaning of the law, even if he
actually gives support to his children.