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Quality Engineering
Quality Engineering
ON
QUALITY ENGINEERING
Different Definitions
Various Activities
Various Characteristics
Taguchi Approach of Quality Engineering
Major Concept of Taguchi
On-line & Off-line Quality Control
Quality Function Deployment
Quality Management
Six Sigma
INTRODUCTION
Quality Engineering is defined as "the branch of engineering which deals
with the principles and practice of product and service quality assurance
and quality control ".
1. Product planning: planning for the function, price, life cycle, etc. of
the product concerned.
2. Product design: designing the product to have the functions decided
in product planning
3. Process design: designing the manufacturing process to have the
functions decided in the product design.
4. Production: the process of actually making the product so that it is of
the designed quality.
5. Sales: activities to sell the manufactured product.
6. After-sales service: customer service activities such as maintenance
and product services.
Various Characteristics of Quality
A product’s cost can be divided into two main parts: before sale and
after sale to the customer.
The costs incurred before sale are the manufacturing costs, and the
costs incurred after sale are those due to quality loss.
Quality engineering is an interdisciplinary science which is concerned
with not only producing satisfactory products for customers but also
reducing the total loss.
Total cost = Manufacturing cost + Quality Loss
he stresses that quality variation is the main enemy of quality
engineering
Robust Design
Deming observed that 85% of poor quality is attributed to the manufacturing process for which
managers are responsible, and only 15% to the workers. Similarly, Taguchi asserts that product
and process design have a much greater impact on product quality than manufacturing and
inspection. Quality should be designed into the product and not inspected into it.
Quality is best achieved by minimizing the deviation from a target. He introduces the loss
function
L( y) = k( y − m)2 ,
which is to be minimized, where y is the quality characteristic, m is the target value and k is an
appropriate constant. He also uses signal-to-noise (SN) ratios which are based in principle on the
loss function.
OFF-LINE AND ON-LINE QUALITY CONTROL (QC)
Off-line QC: Activities for quality of design through market research and
product/process development, which are QC efforts away from production
lines.
On-line QC: Activities for quality of conformance and quality of service
through manufacturing care, inspection and customer service.
Quality Function Deployment
Quality Function Deployment (QFD)is a systematic approach to
design based on a close awareness of customer desires, coupled with
the integration of corporate functional groups.
The voice of the customer translated into the voice of the
engineer(What's and How).
The 3 main goals in implementing QFD are-
1. Prioritize spoken and unspoken customer wants and needs.
2. Translate these needs into technical characteristics and specifications.
3. Build and deliver a quality product or service by focusing everybody
toward customer satisfaction.
QFD Process
Tools
1.Pareto Charts
The Pareto principle suggests that most effects come from relatively few causes.
In quantitativeterms: 80% of the problems come from 20% of the causes.
Tools
Control Charts
Control charts are a method of Statistical Process Control, SPC. Upper and lower
control and tolerance limits are calculated for a process and sampled measures are
regularly plotted about a central line between the two sets of limits.
TOOLS
FLOW CHART
A flowchart is a picture of the separate steps of a process in sequential
order.
Quality management
Quality Management can be considered to have four main components: quality
planning, quality control, quality assurance and quality improvement.
QE = QC + QI + QA
QM = QP + QC + QI + QA
QM = QP + QE
Quality management is focused not only on product/service quality, but also the
means to achieve it.
Six sigma
Six Sigma has evolved significantly and continues to expand to improve the
performance of processes.
1. statistical measurement, it is tells good our products, services and processes are
through statistical measurement of process performance.