17 Cloud Computing
17 Cloud Computing
17 Cloud Computing
• Pros • Cons
• Easy to • Expensive to acquire and
conceptualize maintain hardware
• Fairly easy to deploy • Not very scalable
• Easy to backup • Difficult to replicate
• Virtually any • Redundancy is difficult to
application/service implement
can be run from this • Vulnerable to hardware
type of setup outages
• In many cases, processor
is under-utilized
The Virtual Server Concept
x86 Architecture
Intercepts
hardware
requests
The Virtual Server Concept
Source: http://www.free-pictures-photos.com/
Cloud Computing?
• The cloud is Internet-based
computing, whereby shared
resources, software, and information
are provided to computers and other
devices on demand – pay per use.
18
Basic Cloud Characteristics
• Cloud are transparent to users and
applications, they can be built in multiple
ways
• branded products, proprietary open source,
hardware or software, or just off-the-shelf PCs.
• In general, they are built on clusters of PC
servers and off-the-shelf components plus
Open Source software combined with in-
house applications and/or system software.
19
Motivation Example: Forbes.com
9 AM - 5 PM,
M-F
Rate of
Server
Accesses
ALL OTHER
TIMES
Forbes' Solution
SalesForce
CRM
LotusLive
Google
App
Engine
29
Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim
Some Commercial Cloud
Offerings
30
Cloud Taxonomy
31
Where is all of this?
Data Centers
Table 1-1
Data Centers By Size and Region
(Top) (Front Page)
Data Centers by Size and Region, 2010-2016
Sum of Sites Year
Region Site Class 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Asia/Pacific Single 769,012 769,455 780,252 792,999 819,342 851,068 900,039
Rack/Computer Room 58,702 60,311 63,183 66,916 70,173 72,564 74,249
Midsize DC 4,478 4,656 4,989 5,455 5,892 6,260 6,559
Enterprise DC 984 1,026 1,110 1,239 1,379 1,523 1,666
Large DC 106 110 120 136 156 179 204
Canada Single 66,519 66,012 64,384 62,311 61,575 62,246 63,956
Rack/Computer Room 14,390 14,194 13,828 13,241 12,686 12,068 11,328
Midsize DC 650 643 631 613 599 584 564
Enterprise DC 210 209 208 210 217 228 241
Large DC 22 22 23 25 28 32 37
Eastern Europe Single 147,274 151,468 161,916 176,398 194,389 213,602 238,792
Rack/Computer Room 28,750 28,892 28,829 28,761 28,799 29,077 29,380
Midsize DC 1,102 1,112 1,121 1,134 1,149 1,172 1,197
Enterprise DC 196 198 202 208 216 228 243
Large DC 44 44 46 49 53 58 65
Japan Single 286,416 274,109 251,600 225,292 212,947 213,494 222,012
Rack/Computer Room 27,532 27,050 25,885 23,673 21,100 18,334 15,706
Midsize DC 380 372 354 324 294 264 236
Enterprise DC 346 341 330 313 301 294 292
Large DC 85 84 83 83 86 92 101
Latin America Single 195,547 196,703 199,196 204,643 216,169 233,087 253,961
Rack/Computer Room 13,325 13,541 13,786 13,957 13,939 13,846 13,774
Midsize DC 821 832 845 858 868 881 899
Enterprise DC 213 216 222 230 241 258 278
Large DC 18 18 19 20 22 25 28
Middle East and Africa Single 108,868 114,214 126,323 143,733 162,834 182,687 207,031
Rack/Computer Room 21,549 21,793 22,133 22,412 22,650 22,793 22,963
Midsize DC 871 881 894 908 921 934 952
Enterprise DC 120 122 126 131 139 148 159
Large DC 21 21 22 23 24 26 27
United States Single 770,925 769,095 749,290 716,352 685,760 664,601 660,355
Rack/Computer Room 184,457 182,963 179,818 174,492 168,593 162,051 154,496
Midsize DC 2,506 2,483 2,435 2,372 2,319 2,276 2,223
Enterprise DC 2,404 2,392 2,377 2,382 2,438 2,539 2,660
Large DC 571 571 574 589 621 669 724
Western Europe Single 536,090 531,772 528,022 525,520 545,062 583,768 647,273
Rack/Computer Room 139,790 138,022 133,181 125,030 116,790 109,967 105,045
Midsize DC 4,860 4,788 4,608 4,337 4,093 3,921 3,822
Enterprise DC 1,196 1,181 1,148 1,106 1,089 1,105 1,153
Large DC 244 243 242 244 256 280 313
Grand Total 3,391,592 3,382,159 3,364,353 3,338,716 3,376,208 3,469,231 3,645,002
Source: Gartner (August 2012)
Summary Comments
• Virtualization of servers solves a lot of headaches
when deploying infrastructure and applications
• It allows servers to be backed up and moved
around seamlessly
• Migrating a server might allow an application
speed to increase e.g. move to a faster machine
• Resizing (up or down) keeps costs proportional to
business model
• The model works for both private clouds or public
ones (insourcing or outsourcing)
• The cloud is easy to understand and a convenient
way of accessing infrastructure and services.