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  • Concentration of Solutions g12 1

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    Grace Pascual
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    This document discusses different units used to measure the concentration of solutions, including percent by volume/mass, parts per million (ppm), and molarity. It provides examples of calculating concentration using these different units and defines key terms like solute, solvent, solution, mole, and molar mass. Concentration represents the amount of solute dissolved per unit of solvent and can be expressed in various ways depending on whether the measurement is based on volumes, masses, moles, etc.

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    This document discusses different units used to measure the concentration of solutions, including percent by volume/mass, parts per million (ppm), and molarity. It provides examples of calculating concentration using these different units and defines key terms like solute, solvent, solution, mole, and molar mass. Concentration represents the amount of solute dissolved per unit of solvent and can be expressed in various ways depending on whether the measurement is based on volumes, masses, moles, etc.

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    123 views15 pages

    Concentration of Solutions g12 1

    Uploaded by

    Grace Pascual
    This document discusses different units used to measure the concentration of solutions, including percent by volume/mass, parts per million (ppm), and molarity. It provides examples of calculating concentration using these different units and defines key terms like solute, solvent, solution, mole, and molar mass. Concentration represents the amount of solute dissolved per unit of solvent and can be expressed in various ways depending on whether the measurement is based on volumes, masses, moles, etc.

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    of 15

    UNITS OF CONCENTRATION

    • A SOLUTION IS A HOMOGENEOUS
    MIXTURE OF ONE SUBSTANCE (THE
    SOLUTE) DISSOLVED IN ANOTHER
    SUBSTANCE (THE SOLVENT).
    • CONCENTRATION IS A RATIO OF THE
    AMOUNT OF SOLUTE TO THE
    AMOUNT OF SOLVENT.
    THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE THAT DISSOLVES
    CAN VARY
    • CONCENTRATION: THE AMOUNT OF
    SOLUTE DISSOLVED IN A SOLVENT AT
    A GIVEN TEMPERATURE.
    • EXAMPLES:
    • HOT CHOCOLATE…THE MORE
    POWDERED MIX YOU ADD THE HIGHER
    THE CONCENTRATION OF CHOCOLATE
    www.thesunblog.com
    • LEMONADE…THE MORE FROZEN
    LEMON CONCENTRATE OR POWDERED
    MIX YOU ADD THE MORE TART THE
    DRINK BECOMES
    UNITS OF CONCENTRATION
    • PERCENT VOLUME
    % VOLUME = VOLUME SOLUTE (ML) X 100
    VOLUME SOLUTION (ML)
    • PERCENT MASS
    % MASS = MASS SOLUTE (G) X 100
    MASS SOLUTION (G)

    SOLUTION = SOLVENT + SOLUTE


    UNITS OF CONCENTRATION
    EXAMPLE 1:
    FIND THE PERCENT BY
    MASS IN WHICH 41.0 G OF
    SODIUM CHLORIDE IS
    DISSOLVED IN 331 GRAMS
    OF WATER.
    • IF 28.5 GRAMS OF CALCIUM
    HYDROXIDE IS DISSOLVED
    IN ENOUGH WATER TO
    MAKE 185 GRAMS OF
    SOLUTION, WHAT IS THE
    PERCENT BY MASS OF
    CALCIUM HYDROXIDE IN
    THE SOLUTION?
    UNITS OF CONCENTRATION
    EXAMPLE 2:
    WHAT IS THE PERCENT BY VOLUME
    CONCENTRATION OF A
    SOLUTION IN WHICH 75.0 ML OF
    ETHANOL IS DILUTED TO A
    VOLUME OF 250.0 ML?
    UNITS OF CONCENTRATION
    EXAMPLE 3:
    WHAT VOLUME OF ACETIC ACID IS
    PRESENT IN A BOTTLE CONTAINING
    350.0 ML OF A SOLUTION WHICH
    MEASURES 5.00%
    CONCENTRATION?
    • A SOLUTION IS PREPARED BY
    DISSOLVING 20 ML OF PURE
    HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN ENOUGH
    WATER TO MAKE 200 ML
    SOLUTION. WHAT IS THE
    CONCENTRATION OF THE
    HYDROGEN PEROXIDE SOLUTION?
    PARTS PER MILLION

    PPM = GRAMS SOLUTE X 1,000,000


    GRAMS SOLUTION

    0.0043 G OF OXYGEN GAS DISSOLVE IN 100 ML OF


    WATER AT 20 DEGREES CELSIUS. WHAT IS THE
    CONCENTRATION IN PPM?
    UNITS OF CONCENTRATION
    •MOLARITY (M) IS THE MOST
    COMMON UNIT OF
    CONCENTRATION
    •MOLARITY IS AN EXPRESSION
    OF MOLES/LITER OF THE
    SOLUTE.
    MOLARITY = # OF MOLES OF
    SOLUTE IN 1 LITER OF SOLUTION
    UNITS OF CONCENTRATION
    • A MOLE IS THE SI UNIT OF NUMBER OF
    PARTICLES AND CAN BE USED AS AN
    EXPRESSION OF THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF A
    SUBSTANCE.

    The formula weight of an


    element is expressed as
    grams/mole
    UNITS OF CONCENTRATION

    • THE MOLAR MASS OF A COMPOUND CAN BE


    CALCULATED BY ADDING THE MOLAR MASS OF
    THE INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS.

    22.99 + 35.45 = 58.44 g/mol


    MAKING SOLUTIONS
    • HOW MANY GRAMS OF NACL WOULD YOU NEED TO
    PREPARE 200.0 ML OF A 5 M SOLUTION?
    g = M x L x molar mass
    g = (5mol/L) (0.2L) (58.44g/mol)
    g = 58.44 g
    MOLARITY PROBLEMS

    WHAT IS THE MOLARITY OF A


    SOLUTION OF NAOH IF
    THERE ARE 40 GRAMS OF
    NAOH DISSOLVED WATER TO
    MAKE 1 LITERS OF
    SOLUTION?

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