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    Aldren Atal Ago
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    The document discusses atomic number, the synthesis of new elements, and writing nuclear equations. It defines atomic number as the number of protons in an atom, which identifies the element. New elements have been synthesized up to element 118 by bombarding nuclei with particles. This can create heavier transuranium elements or cause nuclear decay. Nuclear equations balance mass and atomic number to represent decay processes like actinium-217 decaying by alpha emission to form element 87.

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    The document discusses atomic number, the synthesis of new elements, and writing nuclear equations. It defines atomic number as the number of protons in an atom, which identifies the element. New elements have been synthesized up to element 118 by bombarding nuclei with particles. This can create heavier transuranium elements or cause nuclear decay. Nuclear equations balance mass and atomic number to represent decay processes like actinium-217 decaying by alpha emission to form element 87.

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    87 views11 pages

    Atomic Number and Synthesis of New Elements

    Uploaded by

    Aldren Atal Ago
    The document discusses atomic number, the synthesis of new elements, and writing nuclear equations. It defines atomic number as the number of protons in an atom, which identifies the element. New elements have been synthesized up to element 118 by bombarding nuclei with particles. This can create heavier transuranium elements or cause nuclear decay. Nuclear equations balance mass and atomic number to represent decay processes like actinium-217 decaying by alpha emission to form element 87.

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    of 11

    ATOMIC NUMBER AND

    SYNTHESIS OF NEW ELEMENTS

    ATOMS- MADE UP OF ELECTRONS,


    PROTON AND NEUTRONS.
    - THEY MIGHT DIFFER IN TERMS
    OF THE NUMBER OF PARTICLES.
    ATOMIC NUMBER

    - Number of protons in an atom


    - Moseley- discovered that atoms of each element
    contain a unique positive charge nuclei. Thus, the
    number of protons in an atom identifies it as an
    atom of a particular element.
    Hydrogen Chemical Name

    1 Atomic Number

    H Chemical Symbol

    1.008 Ave. Atomic


    Mass

    Figure 2.8. The atomic number of an element equals the positive charge
    contained its nucleus

    Take note that all neutral atoms have the same number of protons and
    electrons. Therefore:
    Atomic Number= No. of Protons = No. of Electrons
    Example:

     Composition of Several Elements

    Element: Pb
    Atomic No. : 82
    Protons: 82
    Electrons: 82
    Synthesis of New Elements

    Chemical elements- were arranged and organized


    on the basis of their increasing atomic number . As of
    2013, the periodic table has 114 confirmed elements,
    comprising elements 1 (H) to 112 (copernicium), 114
    (flerovium) and 116 (livermorium).
    Elements 113, 115, 117 and 118- were not yet
    officially confirmed by the IUPAC.
    IUPAC- International Union of Pure and Applied
    Chemistry.
    Nuclear Reaction

     Can be induced by bombarding either stable or


    naturally radioactive nuclei with high energy
    particles.
     This may lead to changed into different nucleus that
    is stable
     New nucleus may be form from larger nuclei or
    nuclear fission or break into smaller pieces will take
    place.
    Bombardment

     The result of bombardment depends on the kind of


    nuclei bombarded and the nature of energy of the
    bombarding particles.
     One of the most interesting results of bombardment
    is the complete creation of New elements such as
    Technetium (Tc number 43), promethium (Pm
    number 61), astatine (At number 85) and francium
    (Fr number 87)
    Synthetic Elements

     Heavier than uranium, the heavies naturally


    occurring element, have also been produced. All
    these elements called transuranium.
    Transuranium elements- (also known
    astransuranic elements) are the
    chemical elementswith atomic numbers greater than
    92 (the atomic number of uranium) just like
    Neptumium ( Np number 93) All of
    these elements are unstable and decay radioactively
    into other elements.
    Writing Nuclear Equation

     Nuclear reactions- can be presented by balanced


    equations focusing on mass number and atomic
    number on each side. Symbols are used in nuclear
    equations that make it convenient to balance mass
    and atomic number.
     We will concentrate on writing nuclear equation that
    involves nuclear decay.
    Nuclear Decay- causes changes in the nucleus of an
    atom.
    Different type of Nuclear Radiation

     Alpha Particles
     Neutron
     Beta Decay
     Gamma Decay

    Example:
    Actinium 217 decays by releasing an alpha particle.
    Write the equation for this decay process, and
    determine which element is formed.
    Steps in Writing Equations:

     Write the equation with the original element on the


    left side and the products on the right side.
    Note: X= unknown product, A= unknown mass
    Z= unknown atomic number
    Write math equations for atomic mass and atomic
    number. Rearrange the equations
    217= A+ 4 89= Z+2
    A= 217- 4 Z= 89-2
    Solve for the unknown values and rewrite the equation
    with all nuclei represented
    A= 213 Z=87

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