This document discusses inductive and deductive reasoning. It provides definitions of both terms, noting that inductive reasoning involves observing patterns in data to form general conclusions, while deductive reasoning uses established facts or rules to reach a specific conclusion. Examples are given of applying each type of reasoning to estimate populations, identify logical implications, and solve math problems. The document aims to help students understand and apply inductive and deductive reasoning to analyze real-life situations.
This document discusses inductive and deductive reasoning. It provides definitions of both terms, noting that inductive reasoning involves observing patterns in data to form general conclusions, while deductive reasoning uses established facts or rules to reach a specific conclusion. Examples are given of applying each type of reasoning to estimate populations, identify logical implications, and solve math problems. The document aims to help students understand and apply inductive and deductive reasoning to analyze real-life situations.
This document discusses inductive and deductive reasoning. It provides definitions of both terms, noting that inductive reasoning involves observing patterns in data to form general conclusions, while deductive reasoning uses established facts or rules to reach a specific conclusion. Examples are given of applying each type of reasoning to estimate populations, identify logical implications, and solve math problems. The document aims to help students understand and apply inductive and deductive reasoning to analyze real-life situations.
THINK: Uses of inductive and deductive reasoning in an
argument.(M8GE-IIh-1). FEEL: Upholds truth during any situation. DO/COMMUNICATE: Applies reasoning to form good conversation. LEAD: Promotes fair judgement on every real life situation through honest reasoning. LEARNING ENDSTATES: INTUIT: Predicts probable outcomes of reasoning and reflects beneficial effects of making accurate decisions. BE: Honest and fair person ETHICAL FORMATION: Develops the habit of self- reflection in search of highest truth. SOCIAL RESPONSIVENESS: Shares knowledge and skills learned on inductive and deductive reasoning in addressing community problems and its probable solutions. ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How are key concepts of inductive and
deductive reasoning be used in real life situations? Given some practical situations, what are your common reasons? Absent in class. High Score in Math Hardworking inside the house. Looking good and feeling fresh/blooming Crying. Inductive and Deductive Reasoning Activity 2: Why Oh Why? Think-Pair-Share 1. What is next in the figure? Activity 2: Why Oh Why? 2. Draw the next figure Activity 2: Why Oh Why? 3. My mathematics teacher is loving. My previous mathematics teacher was loving. My mother’s mathematics teacher was loving, too. What can you say about mathematics teachers? Activity 2: Why Oh Why? 4. 1 X 10 = 10 2 X 10 = 20 3 X 10 = 30 5 x 10 = 50 24 x 10 = 240 2345 X 10 = _____ Activity 2: Why Oh Why? 5. Every time Maria visits her doctor, she receives excellent services. With this she believes that _______________________. Guide Questions: 1.How did you arrive at your answer? 2.Did you agree at once on your answer? 3.Were there arguments between you and your partner? 4.Based on the activity, what is inductive reasoning? Activity 3: Cubra Cube Statement Conclusion 1. Filipinos are hospitable. Bonifacio is a Filipino. 2. Smoking can cause cancer. Juan smokes. 3. An angle is acute if its measure is between 0 and 90 degrees. Angle B is acute. Guide Questions: 1.How did you come up with your conclusion? 2.What have you noticed with all the given examples? 3.Based on the examples, what is deductive reasoning? What is Inductive and Deductive Reasoning? Inductive and Deductive Reasoning Definition of Terms: Inductive Reasoning ◦reasoning that is based on observing and recognizing patterns in a set of data and using patterns to arrive at a conjecture. ◦Involves going from a series of specific cases to a general statement. Definition of Terms: Deductive Reasoning ◦reasoning that uses facts, rules, definitions, or properties in a logical order to show that a desired conclusion is true. ◦reasoning that goes from a general statement to a specific instance. INDUCTIVE REASONING DEDUCTIVE REASONING
Starts with Conclusion Premises
Goes from Specific to General General to Specific Known as Top-down Bottom-up Uses Specific Inferences Generalized Principles Accuracy The conclusion is true if Leads to a probable the premises are true conclusion Application in Scientific To form hypotheses or To test theories or principles Method theories INDUCTIVE REASONING DEDUCTIVE REASONING
Starts with Premises Conclusion
Goes from Specific to General General to Specific Known as Bottom-up Top-down Uses Specific Inferences Generalized Principles Accuracy Leads to a probable The conclusion is true if the conclusion premises are true Application in Scientific To form hypotheses or To test theories or principles Method theories Examples: Example 1:To estimate the population of Bacarra , in upcoming years, one of the Bacarreños collected populations from past years and made this table: Year Population 1950 7 403 1960 7 958 1970 8 377 1980 8 775 1990 9 323 2000 9 794 2010 10 281 The town worker wants to estimate the population for 2020, 2025. Guide Questions: 1.To do this, will he be using inductive or deductive reasoning? 2.How will you come up with the estimate? 3.What will be the estimated population for 2020/ 2025? Examples: Example 2: No one who can afford health insurance is unemployed. All politicians can afford health insurance. Therefore_____________________. Guide Questions: 1. What reasoning is applicable to the situation? 2. What was the basis in determining the reasoning? 3. What will be the conclusion? Activity 4: Think-Pair-Share Draw conclusion from each given situation then identify whether inductive or deductive.
1. 12, 24, 36, 48. The next number is _______.
(60. Inductive Reasoning) 2. Coplanar points are points on the same plane. X, Y, Z are coplanar. Therefore, _______________. (X, Y, Z are on the same plane. Deductive Reasoning) 3. Regular polygon is equilateral. BELEN is a regular pentagon. Therefore, _____________. (BELEN is equilateral. Deductive Reasoning) Draw conclusion from each given situation then identify whether inductive or deductive. 4. A child’s teacher in high school was a female, in his grades 7 and 8 his teachers were both female. The child may say _______________. (All teachers are female. Inductive Reasoning) 5. Filipinos are peace-loving people. Mark is a Filipino. Therefore, ________________. (Mark is a peace-loving person. Deductive Reasoning) Activity 5: Research on Records Assignment: Conduct a simple research on the number of absent students and causes/reasons of absenteeism of the grade 8 students from year 2010 to present and make an estimate of the number of absenteeism on the year 2020. Suggest some solutions to the problem that might help the school and the students. Presentation of Output Individual Exercise Decide whether inductive reasoning or deductive reasoning is used to reach the conclusion and explain. 1. Every time I take a test in math, I fail it. I am taking a math test today. I will fail my test today. 2. Maria is in Mrs. Rosario’s class. Mrs. Rosario’s class is in library. Maria will be in the library. 3. Rational numbers can be written as fractions. Irrational numbers cannot be written as fractions. So, 1/2 is a rational number. 4. Each time your mom goes to the store, she buys milk. So, the next time your mom goes to the store, she will buy milk. 5. All birds can fly. An ostrich is a bird. Therefore, an ostrich can fly. Decide whether inductive reasoning or deductive reasoning is used to reach the conclusion and explain. 6. All even numbers are divisible by 2. 28 is even. Therefore, 28 is divisible by 2. 7. Since all squares are rectangle, and all rectangles have four sides, all squares have four sides. 8. The sum of two even numbers is even. 24 and 26 are both even numbers. Therefore, their sum is an even number. 9. 2 x 100 = 200, 3 x 100 = 300, 4 x 100 = 400. Therefore, 15 x 100 = 1500. 10. It has been observed that earthquakes precede eruption of volcanoes. Thus, Earthquakes cause volcanoes to erupt. Activity 7: Individual Written Work and Journal Writing A.Create 10 examples of statement/s that involves inductive reasoning and 10 examples of statement/s which involves deductive reasoning. (Statements must talk about on the present situations of the community. May it be relational, environmental, political, social, etc.). B.Self-assessment: Make a self-reflection on how you can use inductive or deductive reasoning in your life as a student. Thank you! God Bless!