Literature can be categorized into oral and written forms. Oral literature was preserved through spoken tradition while written literature provides more permanence. Literature includes prose forms like fiction, non-fiction, and poetry. Prose uses paragraphs while poetry relies on devices like rhythm, rhyme, and imagery. The main types of poetry are narrative, dramatic, and lyric with subcategories like epics, ballads, sonnets, and odes.
Literature can be categorized into oral and written forms. Oral literature was preserved through spoken tradition while written literature provides more permanence. Literature includes prose forms like fiction, non-fiction, and poetry. Prose uses paragraphs while poetry relies on devices like rhythm, rhyme, and imagery. The main types of poetry are narrative, dramatic, and lyric with subcategories like epics, ballads, sonnets, and odes.
Literature can be categorized into oral and written forms. Oral literature was preserved through spoken tradition while written literature provides more permanence. Literature includes prose forms like fiction, non-fiction, and poetry. Prose uses paragraphs while poetry relies on devices like rhythm, rhyme, and imagery. The main types of poetry are narrative, dramatic, and lyric with subcategories like epics, ballads, sonnets, and odes.
Literature can be categorized into oral and written forms. Oral literature was preserved through spoken tradition while written literature provides more permanence. Literature includes prose forms like fiction, non-fiction, and poetry. Prose uses paragraphs while poetry relies on devices like rhythm, rhyme, and imagery. The main types of poetry are narrative, dramatic, and lyric with subcategories like epics, ballads, sonnets, and odes.
which means letter or writing that is showcased through spoken/oral or written accounts. The best way for a man to understand his nature is to study literature; and since man write to express himself, his thoughts, ideals, and experiences, thus, literature is the reflection of his innermost feelings.
the study of literature aka is the “study of
life”. Literature is the total of preserved writings belongings to a given language or people (Webster). Literature consists of those writings which interpret the meanings of nature and life, in words of charm and power, touched with the personality of the author, in artistic forms of permanent interest (Henry Van Dyke). Literature is an oral or written reproduction of human experiences expressed artistically either in prose or in poetry. Literature is a written record of man’s best thoughts and feelings. Literature gives us a picture of life – not the picture that science gives and not the picture that is actually (historically) true, but picture that has its own kind of truth—a “truth” that includes important elements that science, from its very nature, is forced to leave out. The “truth” of literature takes the form, not the abstract statement, but of a concrete and dramatic presentation; which may allow us to experience imaginatively the “lived” meanings of piece of life (An Approach to Literature (Fourth Edition) by Cleanth Brooks, John Thibaut, Robert Penn Warren). Oral Literature Generally the literature of the ancient times when men did not yet have much concern about a permanent preservation of the expressions of their wits and emotions or their experiences. It is preserved and handed down from one generation to another by word of mouth. Oral literature started unwritten, but eventually captured for writing. Written Literature One that gets its form from the use of the pen by literary genius.
Compared to the oral from, it is
likely to be permanent in form because once written, it remains as is. For self-expression. “The mouth speaks what the heart is full of.” To spread knowledge and information. Some ideas are worth recording and remembering. To pass on ideas and values. Right attitudes are formed and good character is developed. To impart truth, accuracy, and evaluation. This allows others to analyze, evaluate, form valid judgments, and make wise decisions. 1. Permanence – can stand through the ages and still opens to new world of meaning and experience; has lasting appeal. 2.Universality – appeals to anyone, anytime, anywhere, because of its elemental feelings, fundamental truths, universal conditions 3. Artistry – appeals to our aesthetics or sense of beauty 4. Intellectual value – it stimulates our thought, helps us understand human life and nature. 5. Spiritual Value – brings out moral values, relates God’s plans and purpose to humanity 6. Style– marked with the writer’s peculiarity on how he sees life and forms his ideas and express them artistically 7.Suggestiveness – stirs our emotions, imagination, feelings, evokes vision and moves us deeply and into actions beyond the level of ordinary life. Drama Fiction Nonfiction Poetry Prose is discourse that follows the usual flow of conversation which uses sentences forming paragraphs to express ideas, feelings and actions.
Forms of Prose:
1. FICTION is a literary work which is a result
of the author’s imagination. a. Short Story is a narrative involving one or more characters, one plot, and one single impression. Ex: Dead Stars by Paz Marquez Benitez b. Novel is a story divided into chapters where many characters are involved and spans long period of time. Ex: Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe.
c. Play is a scripted story executed on stage.
Ex: Call Me Flory by Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero
d. Legend is a narrative about the origin of man, place,
event and happenings. Ex: Bakit Maalat ang Dagat
e. Fable is a narrative where the characters are animals
and inanimate objects that speak and act like people, and usually ends with values that can mold their attitudes. Ex. Aesop’s The Pitcher and the Crow 2. NON-FICTION
a. Essay is an attempt to express the
viewpoint and opinion of the writer on a particular problem or event. • Formal Essay • Informal Essay b. Oration is a formal treatment of the subject and intended to be spoken before a crowd. c. Biography is a literary work that gives the life account of a person written by another person. d. Autobiography is a literary work where the author writes his own life account.
e. News is a report of expected and unexpected
events in society and government and incidents in the field of science, business, etc.
f. Letters a collection of correspondence/letters by
an individual to another. Ex. Rizal’s letters to F. Blumentritt
g. Diaries and Journals
Ex. The Diary of Anne Frank A personal diary during her family’s hiding from Hitler’s persecution of Jews a type of literature that combines the sound and meaning of language to create and express ideas and feelings. The language of poetry which uses imagery and figurative language closely related terms is very rich, suggestive and powerful. It is expressed in regimented manner by the force of stanza, meter, rhyme and other regulating devices. “It is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings taking its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility” -William Wordsworth “It is the rhythmical creation of beauty” (Edgar Allan Poe). “It is a record of the best and happiest moments of the best minds, the very image of life expressed in its eternal truth” (Percy Bysshe Shelly). Its words are selected for their beauty, sound and power to express feelings more intense and expressive than everyday speech. 1. Narrative Poetry-tells stories and has 2 forms: Epics are long poems that exemplify the adventures of epic heroes and divine forces. They are the oldest surviving form of poetry. Ballads are narrative poems intended to be sung. They are shorter than the epics and they usually tell stories about a particular person. Because ballads originated from the common people, they use repetitive and simple language as well as supernatural touches. 2. Dramatic Poetry tells stories but one or more characters act out the poem. There are plays that are written as dramatic poetry. William Shakespeare, An English Playwright, is the most famous dramatic poet. In the dramatic monologue, the story is dramatically told by only one character. Robert Browning, an English poet of the 1800, wrote many poems of this style. 3. Lyric Poetry, the most common of the three, is a short poem that expresses the poet’s thoughts and feeling. The word lyric comes from the Greek word rhein which means lyre, a harp-like musical instrument used by poets in ancient Greece. Lyric poetry comes in many forms: a. Haiku, one of the shortest lyric poems, is a Japanese verse of 17 syllables arranged in three lines, the first line has 5, the second 7 and the third 5. b. Ode is a serious elaborate lyric poem full of high praises and noble feelings. Example: “Ode to Evening” by William Collins (1721-1759). c. Elegy is a poem of meditation on life and death. Many elegies mourn the death of a famous person or a close friend. Example: “An Elegy Written on a Country Church Yard” by Thomas Gray. d. Sonnet is a 14-line lyric poem with a certain pattern of rhyme and rhythm. Example: “How Do I Love Thee?” by Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1986) an English Poet. e. Song is a lyric poem intended to be sung. Example: “Blowing in the Wind” and “Sound of Silence” by Bob Dylan and Paul Simon respectively.