CDI 101 Second Sem
CDI 101 Second Sem
CDI 101 Second Sem
And Vice
Control
PREPARED BY:
JOHN PATRICK B. DE JESUS
Important
Terms in Drug
Abuse
• Administer – Any act of introducing any
dangerous drug into the body of any person, with
or without his/her knowledge, by injection,
inhalation, ingestion or other means, or of
committing any act of indispensable assistance to
a person in administering a dangerous drug to
himself/herself unless administered by a duly
licensed practitioner for purposes of medication.
• Chemicals – is any substance taken into the body,
which alters the way, the mind and the bodywork.
• Chemical Abuse – is an instance when the use of
a chemical has produced a negative or harmful
consequence.
• Centers - Any of the treatment and rehabilitation
centers for drug dependents referred to in Section 34,
Article VIII of RA 9165.
• Chemical Diversion – The sale, distribution, supply or
transport of legitimately imported, in-transit,
manufactured or procured controlled precursors and
essential chemicals, in diluted, mixtures or in
concentrated form, to any person or entity engaged in
the manufacture of any dangerous drug, and shall
include packaging, repackaging, labeling, relabeling or
concealment of such transaction through fraud,
destruction of documents, fraudulent use of permits,
misdeclaration, use of front companies or mail fraud.
• Clandestine Laboratory – Any facility
used for the illegal manufacture of any
dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical.
• Confirmatory Test. – An analytical test
using a device, tool or equipment with a
different chemical or physical principle
that is more specific which will validate
and confirm the result of the screening
test.
Controlled Delivery. – The investigative
technique of allowing an unlawful or suspect
consignment of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical,
equipment or paraphernalia, or property
believed to be derived directly or indirectly
from any offense, to pass into, through or out
of the country under the supervision of an
authorized officer, with a view to gathering
evidence to identify any person involved in
any dangerous drugs related offense, or to
facilitate prosecution of that offense.
• Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals
– Include those listed in Tables I and II of the
1988 UN Convention Against Illicit Traffic in
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances.
• Cultivate or Culture – Any act of knowingly
planting, growing, raising, or permitting the
planting, growing or raising of any plant
which is the source of a dangerous drug.
• Dangerous Drugs - are those that have high
tendency for abuse and dependency, these
substances may be organic or synthetic, and
pose harm to those who use them.
• Dangerous Drugs – Include those listed in
the Schedules annexed to the 1961 Single
Convention on Narcotic Drugs, as
amended by the 1972 Protocol, and in the
Schedules annexed to the 1971 Single
Convention on Psychotropic Substances as
enumerated in the attached.
• Deliver – Any act of knowingly passing a
dangerous drug to another, personally or
otherwise, and by any means, with or
without consideration.
• Den, Dive or Resort – A place where any
dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical is
administered, delivered, stored for illegal
purposes, distributed, sold or used in any
form.
• Dispense – Any act of giving away,
selling or distributing medicine or any
dangerous drug with or without the use
of prescription.
• Drugs - are chemicals that affect a person in
such a way as to bring about physiological,
emotional, or behavioral change.
• Methamphetamine Hydrochloride or
commonly known as "Shabu", "Ice", "Meth". –
Refers to the drug having such chemical
composition, including any of its isomers or
derivatives in any form.
• Narcotic Drug - is any drug that produces sleep or
stupor and relieves pain due to its depressant
effect on the central nervous system. A term
narcotic comes from the Greek word for sleep
“Narkotikos".
• Opium - Obtained from a female poppy plant
known as “Papaver Somniferum”. It comes from
the Greek word which means “juice”. It is the
original components of Morphine and Heroin.
• It was known to be cultivated in lower
Mesopotamia long ago as 3400 BC. In De
Medicina (30 AD), Aulus Cornelius Celsus specified
various uses for “Poppy Tears” as an emollient for
painful joints and anal crevices, in anodynes pills
promoting relief of pain through sleep.
• Opium. – Refers to the coagulated juice of the opium
poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) and embraces every kind,
class and character of opium, whether crude or prepared;
the ashes or refuse of the same; narcotic preparations
thereof or therefrom; morphine or any alkaloid of opium;
preparations in which opium, morphine or any alkaloid of
opium enters as an ingredient; opium poppy; opium poppy
straw; and leaves or wrappings of opium leaves, whether
prepared for use or not.
• Opium Poppy. – Refers to any part of the plant of the
species Papaver somniferum L., Papaver setigerum DC,
Papaver orientale, Papaver bracteatum and Papaver
rhoeas, which includes the seeds, straws, branches, leaves
or any part thereof, or substances derived therefrom, even
for floral, decorative and culinary purposes.
• Planting of Evidence – The willful act by any
person of maliciously and surreptitiously
inserting, placing, adding or attaching
directly or indirectly, through any overt or
covert act, whatever quantity of any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor
and essential chemical in the person, house,
effects or in the immediate vicinity of an
innocent individual for the purpose of
implicating, incriminating or imputing the
commission of any violation of RA 9165.
• Practitioner – Any person who is a licensed
physician, dentist, chemist, medical technologist,
nurse, midwife, veterinarian or pharmacist in the
Philippines.
• Protector/Coddler – Any person who knowingly
and willfully consents to the unlawful acts
provided for in this Act and uses his/her influence,
power or position in shielding, harboring,
screening or facilitating the escape of any person
he/she knows, or has reasonable grounds to
believe on or suspects, has violated the provisions
of this Act in order to prevent the arrest,
prosecution and conviction of the violator.
• Pusher – Any person who sells, trades,
administers, dispenses, delivers or gives away
to another, on any terms whatsoever, or
distributes, dispatches in transit or transports
dangerous drugs or who acts as a broker in
any of such transactions, in violation of RA
9165.
• Physical Dependence - An adaptive state
caused by repeated drug use that reveals
itself by development of intense physical
symptoms when the drug is stopped
(withdrawal syndrome).
• Psychological Dependence - An attachment
to drug use which arises from a drug ability to
satisfy some emotional or personality need of
an individual. (Physical dependence not
required but it does not seem to reinforce
psychological dependence.
• Rehabilitation - is a dynamic process directed
towards the changes on the health of the
person to prepare him from his fullest life
potentials and capabilities, and making him
law-abiding and productive member of the
community without abusing drugs.
• Screening Test. – A rapid test performed to establish
potential/presumptive positive result.
ADDICTION
(Physical)
DEPENDENCY
(Psychological addiction)
DRUG ABUSE
Plants (Marijuana)
Synthetic - anything
that is produced
artificially or
processed in the
Ecstasy Shabu
laboratory.
When are drugs harmful?
•Any drug may be harmful when
taken in:
•Excess;
•Dangerous combinations;
•By hypersensitive (allergic) person
31
TYPES AND USES OF DRUGS:
• Generally, drugs may be classified into legal and
illegal drugs. Laws and regulations control the
availability, quality and price of the "legal"
drugs.
• Medicines that doctors prescribe to patients
are examples of legal drugs. Illegal drugs, on
the other hand, have no price or quality
controls. This means that a user can never be
sure that the drug they are taking is in fact
what they think it is. The user also cannot be
sure of a drug's strength or purity.
What are drugs?
A drug is any substance which alters the way the body
functions. There are lots of different types of drugs.
Some drugs are legal. Many adults in the
UK regularly drink alcohol and smoke
tobacco.
Some drugs are illegal. Cannabis,
cocaine and Ecstasy are all illegal
drugs.
Irresponsible
parents who don’t
have time for their
children.
February 17, 2020 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL
Peer Pressure/Curiosity
BAD Influence by
friends.
Lack of self-
confidence and
inferiority complex.
PEER INFLUENCES
• Drug using friends encourage, pressure even, a youth
to experiment with drugs.
February 17, 2020 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL
First Important Drug Traffic Route
Middle East
discovery, plantation, cultivation, harvest
Turkey
preparation for distribution
Europe
manufacture, synthesis, refine
USA
marketing
DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL
Second Major Drug Traffic Route
Drugs that originates from the Golden Triangle
Burma/ Myanmar
Laos Thailand
In Southeast Asia the “Golden Triangle” approximately
produced 60% of opium in the world, 90% of opium in the
eastern part of Asia. It is also the officially acknowledged
source of Southeast Asian Heroin.
Drugs that originates from the Golden Crescent
Iran
Afghanistan Pakistan
India
Columbia Bolivia
February 17, 2020 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL
THE WORLD’S DRUG SCENE
A. Middle East
• The Becka Valley of Lebanon is considered to be the
biggest producer of Cannabis in the Middle East.
• Lebanon is also became the transit country for
cocaine from South America to European illicit drug
markets.
B. Spain
• This is known as the major transshipment point from
international drug traffickers in Europe and became
“the paradise of drug users in Europe.
C. South America
• Columbia, Peru, Uruguay, and Chile are the principal sources of
all cocaine supply in the world due to the robust production of
the coca plants- sources of the cocaine drug.
• Columbia: Coca/Cocaine
D. Mexico
• It is known in the world to be the number one producer of
marijuana.
E. Philippines
• The second in Mexico as to the production of Marijuana.
• It also became the major transshipment point for the
worldwide distribution of illegal drugs particularly shabu and
cocaine from Taiwan and South America.
• It is noted that Philippines today is known as the drug paradise
of drug abusers in Asia.
Philippine
Drug Situation
Philippines- The Numbers
Approximately 11.6 million drug abusers in 2012.
(6.7 million in 2007)
“Shabu” = P8, 000 to P12,000 per gram in 2012; in
quantities of 10 grams or more, the price can be as
low as P7000/gram.
(3000 pesos per gram in 2007)
Kilogram prices range from P 2.4 M to 3.6 M
(Buy a kilo, package and sell it as 1000 grams, double
or even quadruple your investment)
Maritime Smuggling
Philippines to
Japan, Taiwan,
Malaysia, &
Indonesia
China, Hong
Kong, & Taiwan
to the
Philippines
Poro Point
Sulu
Go-fast Boats
Currimao
Subic
Contraband
Shabu
Labs
REGION 1 MARIJUANA
REGION 2
PLANTATION
SITES
REGION 7
REGION 10
REGION 11
ARMM
` 1972: 9 sites
2007: 125 sites
REGION 12
identified
F. India
• The center of the world’s drug map, leading to rapid
addiction among its people.
G. Indonesia
• Northern Sumatra has traditionally been the main
canabbis growing area in Indonesia.
• Bali Indonesia is an important transit point for drugs
en route to Australia and New Zealand.
H. Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand
• The most favorable sites of drug distribution from the
“Golden Triangle” and other parts of Asia.
I. China
• The transit route for heroin from the “Golden
Triangle” to Hongkong.
• It is also the country where the “ephedra” plant is
cultivated- source of the drug ephedrine- the
principal chemical for producing the drug shabu.
J. Hong Kong
• The world’s transshipment point of all forms of
heroin.
K. Japan
• The major consumer of cocaine and shabu from the
United States and Europe.
Campaigns against illegal drugs Blue Heart
Campaign (2009):
1. Shabu (81%)
2. Cocaine (18%)
3. Heroin (1%)
Dangerous Drugs
• Refer to the broad category or
classes of controlled substances.
•Controlled substances – are generally
grouped according to pharmacological
classifications, effects and as to their
legal criteria.
The Controlled Substance Act of 1970
separates drugs that maybe abused into
five Categories (Schedule) based on the
use and biological effects of the drugs.
Schedule 1
• Almost all the drugs in this schedule are illegal.
• All have a high potential for dependence and abuse,
and it is illegal to have them in your possession.
Ex. Heroin, LSD, Mj
Schedule 2
• These drugs are highly addictive but, despite the risk, they remain
in medical use because no satisfactory non-addictive alternative
medication is available.
Ex. Cocaine, AMP, morphine and barbiturates.
Schedule 3
• This schedule includes drugs that have some potential for abuse or
dependence.
Ex. Acetaminophen or aspirin with codeine and some appetite
suppressants.
Schedule 4
• These drugs are considered less likely to cause dependence or to be
abused as much as the drugs in Schedule 3.
Ex. Diazepam, Chloral Hydrate, Phenobarbital
• Schedule 5 – These drugs are included in the regulations because they contain
small amounts of narcotics and are least likely to be abused. Ex. Some anti
diarrhea medications and cough medicines.
General Drug Classification
A. According to effects:
• Depressants - “Downers” – has the effect
of depressing the nervous system
• Stimulants – “uppers” having effect of
stimulating the central nervous system
• Hallucinogens – “Psychedelics” –
considered to be mind altering drugs and
give the general effect of mood distortion.
B. According to Medical Pharmacology:
1. Depressants
2. Narcotics
3. Tranquilizers
4. Stimulants
5. Hallucinogens
6. Solvents/inhalants
TYPES OF DANGEROUS DRUGS
A. DEPRESSANTS
• Also known as “downers”, are drugs which act
on and depresses the central nervous system
causing initial relaxation leading to drowsiness
and sleep.
• Used of downers results to impairment of
judgment, hearing, speech and muscle
coordination.
• They dull the minds, slow down the body
reaction to such extends those accidental
deaths and suicides usually happen.
C. According to legal categories: (RA 6425)
1. Prohibited drugs
A. Narcotics
• Refers to the group of drug opium and its
derivatives, morphine, heroin, codeine, etc. including
synthetic opiates.
B. Stimulants
• Refers to the group of drug cocaine, alpha and beta
eucaine, etc.
C. Hallucinogens
• Refers to the group of drugs like marijuana, LSD
(Lysergic Acid Diethylamide), mescaline, etc.
2. Regulated Drugs
a. Barbiturates – refers to the group of
depressant drug known as “Veronal” like
Luminal, amytal, Nembutal, surital, butisol,
phentontal, seconal etc.
b. Hypnotics – are group of drugs such as
mandrax, quaalude, fadormir, and others.
c. Amphetamines – are group of stimulant drugs
like benzydrine, Dexedrine, methedrine,
preludin, etc.
3. Volatile substance (P.D 1619)
• The group of liquid, solid or mixed substances
having the property of releasing toxic vapour
or fumes which when sniffed, smelled, inhaled
or introduced into the physiological system of
the body produces or induces a condition of
intoxication, excitement or dulling, of the brain
or nervous system.
Examples: Glue, gasoline kerosene, ether, paint
thinner, lacquer, etc.
B. Classification of dangerous drugs
According to effects
A. DEPRESSANTS
• Also known as “downers”, are drugs which act on
and depresses the central nervous system causing
initial relaxation leading to drowsiness and sleep.
• Used of downers results to impairment of
judgment, hearing, speech and muscle
coordination.
• They dull the minds, slow down the body reaction
to such extends those accidental deaths and
suicides usually happen.
SIDE EFFECTS & LONG TERM EFFECTS
DEPRESSANTS
1. Narcotics
• The term narcotic basically refers to drugs
that produce a depressant effect on the CNS.
• Medically they are potent pain killers, cough
suppressant and active component of anti-
diarrhea preparations.
OPIUM & ITS DERIVATIVES
2. Opium
• It is derived from the Oriental poppy plant papaver
somniferum.
• Raw opium is dark brown in color and is bitter in taste.
• Street name: “gum”, “gamot”, “kalamay” or
“panocha”.
3. Morphine
• It is the most important alkaloids and constitutes
about 10 % of the use raw opium
• Friedrich Serturner, isolated morphine from opium.
• Street Name; M, DREAMER, EMMA, EMSEL, Pulbos
Papavum Somniferum-
Opium Poppy
Alcohol
• The king of all drugs with potential for abuse.
• Most widely used, socially accepted and most
extensively legalized drug throughout the
world.
STIMULANTS
•Also known as “Uppers” Drugs which
induce alertness, wakefulness,
elevated mood, increased speech,
mental and motor activity, relieve
fatigue or boredom and decreased
appetite.
•E.g. Shabu, Cocaine, Ecstasy
IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF STIMULANTS
• Dilated pupils
• Increase in blood pressure / Heart rate /
Breathing rate / Body Temperature
• Involuntary muscle twitching
• Less hunger
• Slurred speech
Types of stimulant drugs
Amphetamines – use medically for weight
reducing in obesity, relief of mild depression and
treatment.
Amphetamines
• Usually prescribed to reduce appetite and to
relieve minor cases of mental depression.
• This drug is representative of a broad class of
stimulants known as “pep pills”.
• Street Name: EYE OPENER, LID POPERS,
UPPERS, HEARTS
Cocaine
• The drug taken from the coca bush plant
Erythroxylon Coca understably called “snow” in the
junkie jargon.
• It is one of the strongest short acting stimulants.
• Taken orally, injected or sniffed as to achieve
euphoria or an intense feeling of “highness”.
• Street Name: COKE, CRACK, DUST, HEAVEN’s
DUST, STARDUST, WHITE GIRL, SPEED BALLS
• It is called “the king’s habit” because it is
expensive
Coca Plant
Harvesting Coca Leaves
Extracting Coca
Producing
Cocaine HCL
Original Use As An “Active
Ingredient”
Finished Cocaine-
One Kilogram Brick…
…And The User’s Line
Freebase
Smokeable Cocaine Base
Crack
Smokeable Cocaine Base
BIGGEST DRUG
THREAT?
Amphetamines
• Usually prescribed to reduce appetite and to relieve minor cases of
mental depression.
• This drug is representative of a broad class of stimulants known as “pep
pills”.
• Street Name: EYE OPENER, LID POPERS, UPPERS, HEARTS
Shabu/ “poor man’s cocaine”
• chemically known as methamphetamine.
• It is a CNS stimulant and sometimes called “upper” or “speed”. It is
white, colorless crystal or crystalline powder with a bitter numbing taste.
• It can be taken orally, inhaled (snorted), sniffed (chasing the dragon) or
injected.
• It is considered as the most abused stimulants in the Philippines.
• Street Name: SHASHA. SPEED, SPLASH, UBAS, S, ICE, SHA
February 17, 2020 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL
Caffeine – it is present in coffee, tea, chocolate , and
some wake-up pills.
Shabu/ “poor man’s cocaine”
• chemically known as methamphetamine.
• It is a CNS stimulant and sometimes called “upper” or
“speed”. It is white, colorless crystal or crystalline
powder with a bitter numbing taste.
• It can be taken orally, inhaled (snorted), sniffed
(chasing the dragon) or injected.
• It is considered as the most abused stimulants in
the Philippines.
• Street Name: SHASHA. SPEED, SPLASH, UABS,
S, ICE, SHA
• White, colorless crystalline substance with a
bitter, numbing taste
• First synthetic stimulant developed by the
Japanese Originally called “kakuzeizai”, from
the Japanese term “kakuzei”, which means
“waking” and “zai”, which means drug
“kakuzeizai” – waking drug
• Nicotine – an active component in tobacco
which act as a powerful stimulant of the
central nervous system. A drop of pure
nicotine can easily kill a person.
Methamphetamine
WW II: Meth = ‘Marching Pills’
Pervitin Benzedrine
Shabu
Methamphetamine Labs
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine -
(MDMA) - “Ecstasy”
•It is a white, yellow or brown in color
with a bitter taste and comes in the
form of a tablet, capsule or powder.
•Its tablet form comes in various
designs and shapes hence it is dubbed
as “designer drugs”.
Ecstasy
MDMA - Ecstasy
HALLUCINOGENS (PSYCHEDELIC)
•natural or synthetic psychoactive drugs
that produce reactions such as
perceptual alterations and changes in
the state of consciousness.
•They consist of a variety of mind-
altering drugs, which distort reality,
thinking and perceptions of time,
sound, space and sensation.
IMMEDIATE EFFECTS
• Hallucinations/illusions
• Faster heart beat and pulse rate
• Bloodshot Eye/blurred vision/Rapid Eye Movement
(REM)
• Dry mouth and throat
• Forgetfulness/inability to think
• Altered sense of time/ disorientation
• Impaired reflexes, coordination and concentration
• Acute panic anxiety reaction
• “Food-trip” & sleepiness (MJ)
Marijuana Commonly called “grass”,
“damo”, “tsongki” “ganja”, “bhang” Botanical
name is cannabis sativa Has
three major components:
1)Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) – purple;
the most active alkaloid; the one causing
the hallucinogenic effect
2) Cannabinol – red (physiologically inactive)
3) Cannabidol – pink (physiologically
inactive)
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
• Derived from the fungus claviceps purpurea
which infects wheat.
• It was discovered by Dr. Albert Hoffman
while working in a Swiss Pharmaceutical
company.
• Known on the street as “acid”, it is the best
known and most powerful hallucinogens.
• Street name: XTC, ADAM, ESSENCE,
HERBALS, E.
KETAMINE Chemical name is hydrochloride
Common name include “special K” or “K”
Getting popular as “Party Drug” that produces
tripping effects the whole night
teenagers who are fond of “techno parties” or
“raves” take the drug because the user feels
uncontrollable urge to dance upon hearing sound
of music. Recently, Ketamine Hydrochloride is
mixed with Shabu and marketed as” KETABU”
Peyote – derived from a surface part of a small gray
brown cactus. User suffers from nausea because of
its nauseating odor. There is no physical dependence
and no withdrawal period after using it.
Mescaline
• It is alkaloid hallucinogens extracted from the
peyote cactus and can also be synthesized in the
laboratory.
STP which stands for serenity- tranquility- peace
• a drug derived from the dried tops of the peyote
cactus, a small cactus native to Mexico.
• Street Name: CACTUS, BUTTONS, BEAN
Morning glory seeds
• The black and brown seeds of the wild
tropical morning glory are use to produce
hallucinations.
• They are sold under the names of
“heavenly blues”, flying dancers” and
“pearly gates” the active ingredient in the
seed is similar to LSD.
COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS
Drugs that are commonly abused depending on their
pharmacological effects may be classified into:
Sedatives
• Drugs which reduce anxiety and excitement such as
barbiturates, non-barbiturates, tranquilizers and
alcohol.
Stimulants
• Drugs which increase alertness and activity such as
amphetamines, cocaine and caffeine.
Hallucinogens/Psychedelics
• Drugs which affect sensation, thinking, self-
awareness and emotion.
• Changes in time and space perception, delusions
(false beliefs) and hallucinations may be mild or
overwhelming, dispensing on dose and quality of the
drug.
• This includes LSD, mescaline and marijuana.
Narcotics
• Drugs that relieve pain and often induce sleep.
• The opiates, which are narcotics, include opium and
drugs derived from opium, such as morphine,
codeine and heroin.
B. Chemical Test
Creation of …
The Philippine Drug
• Initial Investigation
• Gathered information by personnel and from other
sources – processing
• Use of informants or special agent (counter surveillance)
• Casing
• Tests buy
• Entrapment/Poseur buying/buy bust operation NOT
INSTIGATION
February 17, 2020 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL
PROCEDURES: