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Petroleum Engineering 406: Lesson 21 Wellbore Trajectory Control
Petroleum Engineering 406: Lesson 21 Wellbore Trajectory Control
Lesson 21
Wellbore Trajectory Control
Lesson 18 - Wellbore Trajectory Control
Orienting Sub
Hole
Bent Sub
Mud Motor
Bent Sub
Angle
Bit
1 N 1
65
95
160
N
L 25 ft
Solution to Problem 1
4 Calculate b from Eq. 8.53:
cos 1
cos sin N sin cos N cos
cos 1
cos 65
sin 1 sin 1 cos 1 cos 1
1
cos 0 . 999824 1 . 07
4 Dogleg severity:
i 100
1 . 07 4 . 28 o
L 25 100 ft
Solution to Problem 1 - cont’d
4 If the mud motor length is 25 ft from the
bit face to the bent sub, the maximum
angle change that could be reached if
there are no restrictions is:
100
1 .5 6 .0 o
25 100 ft
4 The lower rate of build implies that the
formation resisted the maximum rate of
build by a factor of: 4 . 3
0 . 72
6 .0
An efficiency factor?
b = Bent Sub Angle?
th 77
th 14
th 33
ac 62
ac 16 ac 30
Jetted 7’ 1745-52’
o
Surv 1722’: S32W 2.25
Nozzle Orientation
o
g = -122
Orient S90E
Final 1799’:
o
S30E 2.75
th 77 ac 62
o
g = -80
Orient N80E
o
Final 1877’ S36E 3.25
th 14
ac 16
o
g = -74
Jetted 6’ 1925-31’
o
Surv 1877’ S36E 3.25
Orient N70E
o
Final 1940’ S66E 4.75
th 33
ac 30
Directional Drilling
Measurements
4 The trajectory of a wellbore is determined
by the measurement of:
h inclination q, a, I
h direction f, e, A
h measured depth DMD, DL, L
Directional Drilling
Measurements - cont’d
4 Tools available
h single-shot magnetic or gyroscopic
h multi-shot magnetic or gyroscopic
h magnetometers, accelerometers,
MWD tools
Magnetic Single-Shot Instrument
4 Records
– inclination
– direction
– tool face position
on sensitized paper or photographic film
4 Inclination may be determined by
– a float on a liquid
– a pendulum
Magnetic Single-Shot Instrument
4 Procedure:
– load film into instrument
– activate timer (activate stopwatch)
– make up the tool
– drop the tool
– retrieve tool (wireline or drillpipe)
Light
Housing
Center Post
Float
Fluid
Reference Mark
Main Frame
Photographic
Disc
o
A. 0-20 B. 0-70o
Angle-Compass Unit Angle-Compass Unit
Fig. 8.41: Schematic diagrams of magnetic single-shot
angle-compass unit (courtesy Kuster Co.).
1. Pendulum
Fig. 8.43: 2. Circular Glass
Pendulum
3. Compass
suspended
4. Pressure equalization
inclinometer
and 5. Cover glass
compass
unit for a 0 to
o
17 o singe- o
Indicated inclination 5 .
shot unit. Direction of inclination
N 45 degrees 0’ or
azimuth 45 degrees.
A/C Units Plumb-Bob Units Incl. Only Units
Fig. 8.42:
Single-shot
film disks
(courtesy of
Kuster Co.).
• Inclination
• Direction
• Tool Face Angle
Fig. 8.12:
Pendulum assembly:
a) plumb-bob angle unit
b) drift arc inclinometer
Pendulum
Glass ring
Piston
(a) (b)
Fig. 8.13: Hole direction with
Schematic reference to Magnetic North
drawing of
magnetic
single and
multi-shot
instruments.
o
N35 W
o
I = 5.5
Compass
Inclination Scale
Fig. 8.44:
Cardan suspended
compass and
inclinometer for a
single-shot
o o
5 to 90 unit.
Wire Line Socket
Overshot Rope Socket
Swivel
Stabilizer
Stabilizer Fingers
Fig. 8.45:
Protective Case Typical
Orienting
magnetic
Anchor & Plug single-shot
tool with
Mule Shoe
Mandrel landing sub.
Bottom Hole
Orienting Sub
Bottom Landing Assembly
Takes time. Rig time is costly. Temperature limitation. May have to pump down.
Ready to Free Falling Tool Retrieve
be Dropped to Bottom seated single shot
Fig. 8.46:
Non
Magnetic Typical
Drill Collar single-shot
Orienting Sub operation.
Sleeve
3
Fig. 8.46: min. Wireline
Typical 10 min.
unit to
single-shot
Overshot retrieve
operation.
Used to single
Fish shot
Tool seated Single
in orienting Shot
sleeve or at
stop taking
picture
Fishing Neck
Top View Non Magnetic Collar
Direction of Single Shot
Tool Face Via Mule Shoe Orienting Sub
Bent Sub
Orienting Sleeve Lined up with Bent Sub
Bent Sub
Mule Shoe Mud
Key Position Motor Fig. 8.47:
Arrangement of the
mule shoe for
Existing orienting a mud motor.
Centerline
New Centerline
Magnetic Multishot Instruments
Compass Position
Fig. 8.48:
Multi-shot Instrument
Typical
arrangement
for landing a
multi-shot
Landing Plate
instrument.
Bottom Landing
Fig. 8.49:
Rope Socket
Stabilizer with Rubber Pins Drop
multi-shot
Battery Case
Battery
survey
Connector
Connector instrument
Shock
Absorber Protective Instrument Barrel
Watch
Angle Unit
Assembly
A. 10 seconds -
Lights are on, exposing film
B. 15 seconds - Delay before moving.
This is an allowance for instrument
watch lag during survey.
Time Intervals - cont’d
C. 20 seconds - Instrument is idle
allowing movement of drill string without
affecting picture. Most moves require
sufficient time for taking one or more
shots while moving
D. 15 seconds - Minimum time for plumb
bob and compass to settle for good
picture, plus allowance for instrument
gain during survey.
Fig. 8.52b:
Projection of
one survey
frame for
determining
inclination and
direction.
Steering Tools
Standard
4 Used with mud Measuring
motors and bent sub Cable
Mud Motor
MWD Tools
MWD Tools
Gyroscopic Tools
4 Non-magnetic drill
collars used to prevent
magnetic interference
from drillstring
4 Gyros used if magnetic
interference is from
non drillstring source