Professional Documents
Culture Documents
LD
LD
FOR
LEARNING DISABILITY
Presented By
Mrs.Poonam Jain
What is not LD
Children who have learning problem which are
primarily result of visual , hearing or motor
difficulties or intellectual disability ,
disturbances arising due to emotional
environmental , cultural or economic
disadvantage.
Introduction of LD
A variety of disorder that impact acquisition ,
retention understanding , organization or the
use of verbal/non verbal information.
These children exhibit exceptionally inferior
qualities and capacities in term of learning and
understanding in comparison to the normal
children of their ages or class.
Learning disability is nothing but a sort of
helplessness that can be felt by the sufferer in
terms of his academic performance.
Definition
Review of Literature
Responsiveness to intervention and LD by National Joint Committee
on Learning Disability.
Effectiveness reading intervention for kids with LD by Kristin
stanberry and Lee Swanson(2009)
Learning Disabilities Research studies : Findings from NICHD funded
projects-NCBI-NH
Specific Learning Disorder : Treatment child mind institute
https://childmind.org>guide>treatment
Learning Disorders –Rehabilitation Council of India
www.rehabcouncil.nic.in
Learning Disability Wikipedia.pdf
Specific Learning Disability and the Amended “Person with
Disability Act ” https://link.springer.com>content>pdf
The right of person with disability act 2016
https//www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov>articles.
NATURE AND
CHARACTERISTICS OF
LEARNING DISABLED
Their problem and disorders are usually manifested by
significant difficulties in the acquisition and use of language ,
reasoning or mathematical ability or of social skills.
They may exhibit symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity.
Most of them may suffer from emotional problems and
demonstrate signs of anxiety, moodiness or ups and downs in
their behaviour.
Their learning disability is not apparent in the physical
appearance or not demonstrable through their I.Q. Scores. They
may have robust body, good vision, sound ears, and normal
intelligence.
All of them essentially exhibit a significant educational
discrepancy i.e. a wide gap between their learning potential and
actual educational achievement.
CAUSES OF LEARNING
DISABILITY
GENETIC OR HEREDITY ORGANIC OR
FACTORS PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS
a. Nearly 20 to 25 percent of a. Brain damage caused by an
hyperactivity or impulsivity children accident or by a lack of oxygen
may have been found to have at least before , during or after birth
one parent of this nature. resulting in neurological difficulties
b. Emotional imbalance, disorder of that may affect their ability to learn.
memory and thinking, speech and b. Damage of injury caused to the
learning have been found to run in spinal cord and message carrying
families. nerves etc. leading to their
c. Going deep into the genetic research, malfunctioning and subsequent
the USA scientists and psychologists learning difficulties.
have attained success in identifying
c. Dysfunction of the central nervous
particular genes that may be held
system may be caused by
responsible for reading and other
learning problems.
biochemical imbalance.
Environmental factor
Storage:-
Most memory difficulties occur with one’s short-term memory, which can make it
difficult to learn new material.
Difficulties with visual memory can impede learning to spell.
Output:-
Information comes out of the brain either through words , that is , language output, or
through muscles activity , such as gesturing, writing or drawing.
Difficulties with language output can create problem with spoken language.
Difficulty with motor abilities can causes problem with gross and fine motor skills .
By functional impaired
Deficit in any area of information processing can manifest in a variety of
specific learning disabilities. It is possible for an individual to have more than
one of these difficulties. This is referred to as co morbidity or co-occurrence of
learning disabilities. In the UK , the term dual diagnosis is often used to refer
to co-occurrence of learning difficulties.
Reading disorder (ICD-10 and DSM-4 codes:F81.0/315.00)
Reading disorder is the most common learning disability of all student with
disability.
A reading disability can affect any part of the reading process, including
awareness – the ability to break up words into their component sounds, and
difficulty with matching letter combinations to specific sound.
Disorder of written expression (ICD-10 and DSM-4-TR codes 315.2)
Individual with a diagnosis of a disorder of written expression typically
have a combination of difficulties in their abilities with written expression as
evidenced by grammatical and punctuation errors within sentences, poor
paragraph organization, multiple spelling errors and excessively poor
penmanship.
If poor handwriting is due to an impairment in the individuals’ motor
coordination , diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder should be
considered.
Math disability (ICD-10 and DSM-4 codes F81.2-3/315.1)
Sometimes called dyscalculia, a math disability involves difficulties such as
learning math concepts (such as quantity, place value, and time), difficulty
memorizing math facts, difficulty organizing numbers, and understanding
how problems are organized on the page.
Dyscalculics are often referred to as having poor “number sense”.
Non verbal learning disability
Non verbal LD often manifest in motor clumsiness , poor visual-spatial skills
, problematic social relationships , difficulty with mathematics , and poor
organizational skills.
Disorder of speaking and listening
Often co-occur with learning disabilities include difficulty with memory , social skills and
executive functions such as organizational skills and time management.
IDENTIFICATION OF LEARNING
DISABLED CHILDREN
Identification of learning disabled children may be
mainly in two ways :
Non testing devices
Observation
Rating scale
Check list
Interview
Testing devices
Standard diagnostic tests
Achievement tests
Psychoanalytical approach
Multi-sensory approach
Technological approach :-