INDUSTRIAL SAFETY &

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
KUNDAN KUMAR
Research Assistant
Institute of Environmental Engineering & Management
Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro 1
INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL
SAFETY

2
Objectives Contents Controlling
hazards

Introduction Evaluation of
and basic Health
concepts Hazards
Recognition
of health
hazards

3
 Evaluation of work hazards and
testing control measures

03 Report work and

Inspect workplaces 02 04 environmental hazards to
concerned bodies

01 05 Educate workers
on the principles
Detect work hazards of safe conduct at
related to occupation,
1. Objectives work
work and work
environment
 2. Introduction and basic concepts

The term work environment is used to describe the surrounding

conditions in which an employee operates.

The work environment can be composed of physical conditions, such as

office temperature, or equipment, such as personal computers.

It can also be related to factors such as work processes or procedures

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 2. Introduction and basic concepts
Occupational hygiene
 This is the practice of assessment and control of environmental factors and
stresses arising in or from the workplace, which may cause injury, sickness,
impaired health and well-being or significant discomfort and inefficiency
among workers or among the citizens of the community.

 It encompasses the study of:

 toxicology
 industrial processes
 the chemical and physical behavior of air contaminants
 environmental sampling techniques and statistics
 the design and evaluation of ventilation systems
 Noise control
 radiation protection
 the health effects of occupational hazards. 6
“Conditions or practices conducive to
maintaining health and preventing
disease”
 Industrial Hygiene

Industrial Hygiene is a science and art devoted to the

anticipation, recognition, evaluation, prevention, and control of
those environmental factors or stresses arising in or from the
workplace which may cause sickness, impaired health and well
being, or significant discomfort among workers
 2. Introduction and basic concepts
OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE
Occupational/industrial hygienists use environmental monitoring and
analytical methods to detect the extent of worker exposure and employ
engineering, work practice controls and other methods to control potential
health hazards. Occupational/industrial hygienists must work with physicians
to develop comprehensive occupational health programmes and with
epidemiologists to perform research on health effects.
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 2. Introduction and basic concepts
WORK-SITE ANALYSIS
 This is an essential procedure that helps in determining what jobs and workstations are the
sources of potential problems.
 During the work-site analysis: exposures, problem tasks and risks are identified and
measured.
 The most-effective work-site analyses include all jobs, operations and work activities.
 The occupational/industrial hygienist inspects, researches or analyses how the particular
chemicals or physical hazards at the work-site affect worker health.
 If a situation hazardous to health is discovered, he or she recommends the appropriate
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 3. REGOGNITION OF HEALTH HAZARDS
INSPECTION
 This is the first step in the process leading to evaluation and control and entails the
identification of materials and processes that have the potential to cause harm to workers.

 Inspection of the workplace is the best source of directly relevant data about health
hazards. There is no substitute for observation of work practices, use of chemical and
physical agents, and the apparent effectiveness of control measures. The PHG worker
should be able to recognize major and obvious health hazards and distinguish those that
require formal evaluation by the industrial hygienist. 11
3. REGOGNITION OF HEALTH HAZARDS

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS

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POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS

Biological Ph
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13
Physical Hazards

Hazardous physical agents include noise,

Vibration (this hand grinder will also produce
high noise levels)
Non-ionising radiation like theultra-violet radiation
generated by arc welding
16
The thermal environment – hot and cold
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Chemical hazards

There are many thousands of hazardous chemicals

commonly used at work.
 Silica released during stone cutting
activities
Dusts – in this case stone dust contains crystalline silica which
causes silicosis, a serious lung disease
Source: HSE
Now you see it

Mists – in this case paint containing isocyanates, a

major cause of occupational asthma
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Vapours are given off paints and other solvent based
products such as inks and adhesives
21
Fume – very fine particulate matter
22
Biological hazards

Biological agents like the micro-organisms (insects, mold,

fungi, bacteria, and viruses) that can cause legionnaires’
disease and anthrax
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Ergonomic hazards

Back and muscular damage caused by poor manual

handling practices
24
Tasks involving repetitive actions
25
37% of Lower
Back Pain is
attributed to
occupation
4. EVALUATION OF HEALTH HAZARDS

Evaluation of health hazards within a plant includes

measurement of exposures (and potential exposures),
comparison of those exposures to existing standards and
recommendation of controls if needed.

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 5. CONTROLLING HAZARDS

Occupational/industrial hygienists recognize that

engineering, work practice and administrative controls
are the primary means of reducing employee exposure
to occupational hazards.

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ENVIRONMENT, ECOSYSTEM AND
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

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30
 ENVIRONMENT
Environment can be defined as one’s surroundings, which includes

everything around as organism i.e., abiotic (non living) and biotic (living)
environment.
Abiotic environment consists of soil, water and air, while the biotic

environment includes all other organism, with which the organism comes
into regular contract.
“Environment may refer to a small localized area in which a specific problem

is to be addressed, or it may take on global dimensions on the other hand”

ENVIRONMENT
 ENVIRONMENT

Two types of environment

• Natural Environment

• Anthropogenic Environment
 TYPES OF ENVIRONMENT
Natural Environment
The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things

occurring naturally on Earth or some region thereof.

It is an environment that encompasses the interaction of all living

species.  
The concept of the natural environment can be distinguished by

components.
 TYPES OF ENVIRONMENT
Natural Environment
Complete ecological units that function as natural systems without
massive human intervention, including
all vegetation, microorganisms, soil, rocks, atmosphere, and natural
phenomena that occur within their boundaries.
Universal natural resources and physical phenomena that lack clear-cut

boundaries, such as air, water, and climate, as well as energy, radiation,

electric charge, and magnetism, not originating from human activity
 TYPES OF ENVIRONMENT

Anthropogenic Environment
Manmade Environment

Artificial Environment
Example;

Buildings , Industries , Vehicles and all other human made things

SEGMENTS OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Division of Environment

Hydrosphere

Lithosphere

Atmosphere

Biosphere
SEGMENTS OF HYDROSPHE
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
RE
The hydrosphere (from Greek Hydrous, "water“ and sphaira,
"sphere“ in physical geography describes the combined mass
of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet.
1386 million cubic kilometers of water on earth.
This includes water in liquid and frozen forms in groundwater's,
glaciers, oceans, lakes and streams.
Saline water account for 97.5% , Fresh Water 2.5%
 Where the water is?
Distribution of the world’s water

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SEGMENTS OF NATURAL
LITHOSPHE
ENVIRONMENT
RE
The lithosphere (Ancient Greek: [lithos] for "rocky",
and [sphaira] for "sphere") is the rigid outermost shell of
a rocky planet. On Earth, it comprises the crust and the
portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on
time scales of thousands of years or greater.
SEGMENTS OF NATURAL
ATMOSPHE
ENVIRONMENT
RE
An atmosphere (New Latin atmosphere, created in the
17th century from Greek  [atoms] "vapor" and sphere”) is
a layer of gases surrounding a material body of
sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the
body. An atmosphere is more likely to be retained if the
gravity is high and the atmosphere's temperature is low.
SEGMENTS OF NATURAL
BIOSPHE
ENVIRONMENT
RE
Life Present on earth
 ECOSYSTEM
It is system in which all living and Nonliving things interact

each other . And ecology is the study of Interaction of all living

and nonliving things , their behavior and
role in environment.
 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural

environment that cause adverse change.

 Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as

noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either

foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants.
Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
It is an integrated engineering approach of science and technology ,

through which the systems are designed to protect environment , protect

society and economically sustainable.
Focus areas
 Air pollution Control
 Noise Pollution Control
 Water Pollution Control
 Land Pollution
 Health and Safety
 Accident Prevention
 Drinking Water Treatment and Supply
 Wastewater Treatment
 THREE BASIC APPROACHES IN
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Pollution Remediation

Pollution treatment

Pollution Avoidance / Prevention

 Thank
You Very
Much