The document discusses key concepts relating to curriculum, including:
- A curriculum is the overall plan and experiences for learning, including subjects, courses, and skills to be developed over a period of time to achieve learning objectives.
- Curriculum development refers to strategically improving the educational system through purposeful planning of the curriculum.
- There are two main types of curriculum - the written/explicit curriculum which is the official guide, and the hidden curriculum which includes extracurricular activities.
- A syllabus provides details of topics, materials, and evaluation for a specific course, while the curriculum is the overarching plan for a program of study.
The document discusses key concepts relating to curriculum, including:
- A curriculum is the overall plan and experiences for learning, including subjects, courses, and skills to be developed over a period of time to achieve learning objectives.
- Curriculum development refers to strategically improving the educational system through purposeful planning of the curriculum.
- There are two main types of curriculum - the written/explicit curriculum which is the official guide, and the hidden curriculum which includes extracurricular activities.
- A syllabus provides details of topics, materials, and evaluation for a specific course, while the curriculum is the overarching plan for a program of study.
The document discusses key concepts relating to curriculum, including:
- A curriculum is the overall plan and experiences for learning, including subjects, courses, and skills to be developed over a period of time to achieve learning objectives.
- Curriculum development refers to strategically improving the educational system through purposeful planning of the curriculum.
- There are two main types of curriculum - the written/explicit curriculum which is the official guide, and the hidden curriculum which includes extracurricular activities.
- A syllabus provides details of topics, materials, and evaluation for a specific course, while the curriculum is the overarching plan for a program of study.
PhD, MPhil, PGDE, BSc., RN. CURRICULUM • A curriculum is described as “the total learning experiences of individuals not only in school but society as well” (Bilbao et al., 2008).
• A curriculum is the blueprint or plan of a programme of
study.
• It contains all the subjects or courses which are to be
studied by a batch of students for them to merit a particular qualification.
• It involves all that has to be learnt within a stipulated time
frame to achieve the objectives of the programme. DR. ANGELA ACHEAMPONG- Basic curriculum concepts 2 CURRICULUM • Therefore, the curriculum determines what the students should learn and the skill that has to be acquired over a certain time period.
• It also refers to courses or subjects which a student
must pass in order to graduate or complete a qualification.
• Therefore, curriculum development refers to the
processes involved in strategic, a purposeful and systematic process to improve the educational system. DR. ANGELA ACHEAMPONG- Basic curriculum concepts 3 CURRICULUM • The curriculum also includes the vision, mission, justification for the programme, entry requirements, grading system, course structure, detailed course content, instructional methods, staff list and requirements for skills training.
• For instance, a nursing curriculum for BSc Nursing
students entering with WASSCE results would include all the courses which must be done from level hundred to 400 before qualification for graduation.
DR. ANGELA ACHEAMPONG- Basic curriculum concepts 4
TYPES OF CURRICULUM • The two main types of curriculum are the written curriculum and the hidden curriculum.
• Written curriculum: It is sometimes called
the explicit curriculum.
• This is the written official document that
guides a particular school of what to teach, how it should be taught, who qualifies to be participate, who should teach and how students should be evaluated. DR. ANGELA ACHEAMPONG- Basic curriculum concepts 5 TYPES OF CURRICULUM • Hidden curriculum: This is also called the unwritten curriculum.
• With the hidden curriculum, there is
nothing like any officially written guide. It includes all the extra curricular activities that shape the attitudes of the learners.
• It also includes the impact the school
authorities have on learners through frequent interactions.
DR. ANGELA ACHEAMPONG- Basic curriculum concepts 6
Importance of Curriculum Development • Curriculum development ensures that, there is constant incorporation of new ideas into existing ones.
• It ensures that, there is guided study and studies are
standardized across all levels.
• Curriculum development ensures that, the
educational institution follows its vision.
DR. ANGELA ACHEAMPONG- Basic curriculum concepts 7
SYLLABUS A syllabus is an outline/plan/list of a specific course prepared by the instructor. It includes the topics to be covered, their order, often the required and suggested reading material, and any other relevant information.
Example is the work schedule containing the
course outline for this course that was given to you at the beginning of this programme.
DR. ANGELA ACHEAMPONG- Basic curriculum concepts 8
SYLLABUS vs CURRICULUM
DR. ANGELA ACHEAMPONG- Basic curriculum concepts 9
SYLLABUS vs CURRICULUM
DR. ANGELA ACHEAMPONG- Basic curriculum concepts 10
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF CURRICULUM DEV’T • Before the arrival of the missionaries in the 1900s, our ancestors were passing on informal education from generation to generation. They were using the informal or unwritten curriculum.
• This is because there was no written document
that stipulated what should be taught, at what time and by whom. But in a way, skills like hunting, cooking, sewing, home keeping and healing techniques were transferred from generation to generation without any formal, written curriculum. 11 DR. ANGELA ACHEAMPONG- Basic curriculum concepts HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF CURRICULUM DEV’T
• The coming of the missionaries into the
west African sub-region in the early and middle part of the nineteenth century brought formal education into Ghana.
• Different missions like the Catholics,
Methodists and Presbyterians brought different doctrines and started providing formal education.
• At the time, there was nothing like a formal
curriculium. DR. ANGELA ACHEAMPONG- Basic curriculum concepts 12 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF CURRICULUM DEV’T
• Students in the then Gold Coast were taught
with various syllabus. All teachers were given syllabus of particular subjects to use as guides.
• It was in the middle of the nineteenth century
when directives were brought from England for all syllabus to be complied into official curriculum
• Most levels of formal education got full
curricular in place at the beginning of the last quarter of the nineteenth century. DR. ANGELA ACHEAMPONG- Basic curriculum concepts 13 VOCABULARY • Vocabulary: These are the familiar words that are usually used in the language of a group of people.
• Vocabulary used in the development of
curriculum should take into consideration the age of the students, their cognitive levels and their language culture.
• This ensures that students understand the
instructions that are given through the curriculum. DR. ANGELA ACHEAMPONG- Basic curriculum concepts 14 ABSTRACT • An abstract is a summary of a plan of ideas or intentions that are put together.
• In curriculum development, a summary of what the curriculum entails is provided in the early pages of the curriculum for
DR. ANGELA ACHEAMPONG- Basic curriculum concepts 15
REFERENCES • Billings, D. M. & Halstead, J. A. (1998). Teaching in Nursing: A Guide for Faculty.Toronto: W. B Saunders & Co. • Alhassan, A. B. (2001). Teaching Methodology. University College of Winneba, Winneba: University Press • Basavanthappa, B.T. (2009). Nursing Education. 2nd Ed. India Jaypee. • Gronlund, N. (2004). How to write and use instructional objectives. Upper Saddle River, • New Jersey: Prentice Hall, (Chapters 5, 6, 7, 8). • Quin, M. F. (2000). Principles and Practice of Nurse Education (4th Ed.). London, UK: Stanley Thornes Ltd.
DR. ANGELA ACHEAMPONG- Basic curriculum concepts 16