Crime and Child (Autosaved)
Crime and Child (Autosaved)
Bharat Gohil
-Child Trafficking
Mehul Gamit
-Child Labour
Monil Desai
Jijo Abraham -Laws for safegaurds
Crime and Child
In ordinary language, the term crime denotes an unlawful act
punishable by a state.
• The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 has
changed the definition of child to any person who has not completed
eighteen years of age (and it is still in process to reduce the age to
sixteen years)
• India with 1.21 billion people constitutes as the second most populous
country in the world, while children represents 39% of total population of
the country.
Presented by:
Bharat Gohil, Mehul Gamit & Vimal Damor
Child Trafficking
Presented by:
Bharat Gohil
Definitions
Presented by:
Mehul Gamit
What is child labour?
• Child Labour is conventionally defined as a
working child between age of 5 to 14 years
who are doing labour or engaged in
economical activity either paid or unpaid or
underpaid .
• According to International labour
Organization (ILO), the term ‘child labour’ is
often defined as work that deprives children of
their childhood, their potential and their
dignity, and that is harmful to physical and
mental development.
UNICEF has categorized child work into three
categories:
• (1)Child labours are always better than adult workers because they work for
longer time and most of the time underpaid so they are source of cheaper
Labour.
• (2) Education is not very wide spread with all the sections and all the parts of
the country so education is one of the biggest problem which helps in
fostering the growth of the child labours in India and we have also seen that
failure of various educational scheme also added to the increase in the
number of child labour
• (4) Use of drugs and alcohols by the parents and the guardian of the child also
helps in the increase of the child labour.
• (5) Homelessness
• 4) More than half of the 5.5 million working children in India are
concentrated in five states—Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan,
Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
• 9) More boys (38.7 million) than girls (8.8 million) are involved in
hazardous work.
Source:
(International Labour Organization’s World Report on Child Labour
2015 and CRY recent analysis of the Census 2011)
Crime committed by Children
Presented by:
Harshal Virani
Introduction
• The term 'children in conflict with the law' refers any
person below the age of 18 who has come in contact
with the justice system as a result of committing a
crime or being suspected of committing a crime
• children in conflict with the law have committed petty
crimes such as vagrancy, truancy, begging or alcohol
use. Some have committed more serious offenses.
• Some children are coerced into crime by adults who
use them as they know they cannot be tried as adults.
• Often prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination
brings children into conflict with law without a crime
being committed
Vital Statistics
• More than 1 million children worldwide are
detained by law officials
• In 2002, 136,000 children in the Central and
Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of
Independent States were found guilty of
criminal offenses, compared to 117,000 in
1990. Russia accounted for 65% of these
cases.
• In India the number of cases of juvenile
delinquents has increased from 17,203 in 1994
to 30,943 in 2004.
• The crimes committed by juveniles
have also seen an increase in the
same period from 8,561 to 19,229.
Some of the increase can be attributed
to the definition of juveniles being
changed to include ages 16-18, but
none the less more and more children
are coming into conflict with law in the
16-18 age group.
• EXTRA SHOTS….
• The very fact that Odeipus and Electra
Killed their parents is an example of
crimes undertaken by children…
Case Studies….
Case: 1
Erin Caffey Kills Entire Family
• She wanted to go out with her boyfriend James
Wilkinson,
• Parents stood in her way.
• So she took some initiative and planned the murders
of her family.
• In March 2008, Erin Caffey’s boyfriend and his buddy,
Waid, attacked the family house in the early hours of
the morning.
• Set fire to the house. All those involved were charged
with murder and all signed plea deals or plead guilty,
receiving extended prison sentences.
• A 14-year-old boy, Joshua Smith, shot his mother to death as
she slept on the couch. Growing up in Detroit, Joshua tried to
hang with local thugs and get “street cred.” His mother was
Tamiko Robinson, a hardworking woman who wanted him to
persevere and succeed. She was sick of him coming back at
all hours of the night and therefore put a reasonable curfew
on him: he had to be home by 11:00 PM, he was not allowed
to hang out with the gang kids any more, and he was
prohibited from bringing girls home. At this, Joshua rebelled
and ran away. He later came back and sulked in his room as
teenagers are wont to do. What was not expected was him
coming down at about 3:00 AM with a shotgun and shooting
his mother several times while she slept. He tried to escape
in a car and was eventually caught by the police.
Case: 2
14-year-old, Shot his mother
• A 14-year-old boy, Joshua Smith, shot his mother to death as
she slept on the couch. Growing up in Detroit, Joshua tried to
hang with local thugs and get “street cred.” His mother was
Tamiko Robinson, a hardworking woman who wanted him to
persevere and succeed. She was sick of him coming back at
all hours of the night and therefore put a reasonable curfew
on him: he had to be home by 11:00 PM, he was not allowed
to hang out with the gang kids any more, and he was
prohibited from bringing girls home. At this, Joshua rebelled
and ran away. He later came back and sulked in his room as
teenagers are wont to do. What was not expected was him
coming down at about 3:00 AM with a shotgun and shooting
his mother several times while she slept. He tried to escape
in a car and was eventually caught by the police.
Case: 3
15-Year-Old Kills Adopted Siblings
We’ve heard of sibling rivalries but this is just ridiculous.
Adopting four children was probably thought of as a good thing
at the time, but the mother of six probably never imagined that
her only biological son would put an end to two of them. The 15-
year-old boy was the oldest and an honor student at his school
and so was trusted to take care of his siblings with minimal
mishaps. Unfortunately, the boy brutally stabbed his siblings to
death one evening and left the house. Returning home, the
mother came upon the corpse of her four-year-old son and called
the police to report that two other children—the 15-year-old and
10-year-old—were missing. The 10-year-old was later found dead
in the basement of the house, and the police caught up with the
suspected son in a nearby town later that night. He was arrested
on suspicion of homicide and was sent to a juvenile holding
center.
Case: 4
Daily Chores
• Alfo Munoz had given his girlfriend’s son a .22-
caliber gun and trained him to use it in cases of
emergency. He probably never assumed the 12-
year-old boy would be causing an emergency of
his own. His mother Sara Madrid, had been
arguing with her son over chores and then left the
house. Her son was enraged because his mother
had the audacity to ask him to do a few chores
(silly mother). The minute she came back, her son
blew her away and handed the empty gun to his
stepfather. The boy was later found guilty
Case: 5
Kills Father Because Of Playstation
Presented by:
Dhiren Bhamariya
Definition
• Risk factors are any circumstances
that may increase children’s
likelihood of engaging in risky
behaviors.
• For example, poverty is a factor in
criminal behavior. However many
poor people do not engage in crime.
• It therefore does not mean that if you
are poor you can commit crimes but
chances of you committing crimes
are high.
Categories of risk behaviors
• Risk factors are organized into 5
main categories:
• Individual
• Family
• School
• Peer group
• community
Cont’d
• Individual risk factors.
• Antisocial behavior and alienation/ general
delinquency involvement, drug dealing
• Gun possession/illegal gun ownership or carrying
• Favorable attitudes towards drug use, early use of
alcohol/ drug use
• Early onset of aggression/ violence
• Victimization and exposure to violence {value
judgment is distorted}
• Early sexual involvement
Family risk factors
Family history of problem
behavior/parent criminality
Family management problems/poor
parent supervision and or monitoring
Poor family attachment/bonding
Child victimization and maltreatment
Pattern of high family conflict
Family violence
School Risk Factors
• Low academic achievement
• Negative attitude toward school/low bonding/low
school attachment/ low commitment to school.
• Truancy/frequent absences
• Suspension
• Dropping out of school.
• Inadequate school climate/poorly organized and
functioning schools/negative labeling by teachers
• Identified as learning disabled
Peer Risk factors
• Gang involvement/gang membership
• Association with delinquent/
aggressive peers
• Peer rejection
Community Risk factors
• Availability /use of alcohol, tobacco and other
drugs in neighborhood
• Availability of firearms
• High crime neighborhood
• Community instability
• Low community attachment
• Economic deprivation/poverty/residence in a
disadvantaged neighborhood
• Neighborhood youth in trouble
• Feeling unsafe in the neighborhood
• Social and physical disorder/disorganized
neighborhood
LAWS for SAFEGUARDS
Presented by:
Monil Desai
The India Penal Code and Child
related offenses
• sections 82 and 83 – a child who commits a crime
and is below the age of seven is not considered to
have committed a crime.
• Section 315 and 316 discusses the offence of
foeticide and infanticide.
• Section 305 states that it is a crime for any person to
abet the suicide of a child.
• Section 317 states that is it a crime against children,
if their mother or father expose or leave a child in a
place with the intention of abandonment.
• Section 360 to 369 discusses kidnapping and
abduction
• Section 372 discusses the selling of a child (below
the age of eighteen) for the purpose of
prostitution or to illicit intercourse with any
person, or knowing that it is likely that the child is
being sold for such a purpose.
• Section 376 discusses the offence of rape.
Immoral Traffic Prevention Act,
1986
• Trafficking in relation to prostitution and not in
relation to other purposes of trafficking such as
domestic work, child labour, organ harvesting,
etc.
Punishments
• If a person procures, induces or takes a child
for the purpose of prostitution then the prison
sentence is a minimum of seven years, a term
which may extend to ten year or life and also a
maximum fine of one lakh rupees
• To ensure that the people in the chain of
trafficking are also held responsible the act has
a provision that states that any person involved
in the recruiting, transporting, transferring,
harbouring, or receiving of persons for the
purpose of prostitution if guilty of trafficking.
Punishments
• In addition any person attempting to commit
trafficking or found in the brothel or visiting the
brothel is punishable under this law.
Juvenile Justice Act