Disease Surveillance

NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE
PROGRAMME FOR
COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES

Introduction
• Triple burden of infectious disease in India
• Control of infectious diseases of immediate

high priority - more common and
preventable
Surveillance
• Continuous scrutiny of factors that determine the
occurrence & distribution of disease & other conditions of
ill-health
• Includes collection, analysis, interpretation & distribution
of relevant data
• Objectives :
 To provide information about new & changing trends
in the health status of a population
 To provide feed-back
 To provide timely warning of public health disasters
Surveillance in Disease Control
• A systematic process of reporting of various

diseases of public health importance, as and when,
and where, they occur, to a designated agency
responsible for taking effective interventional
steps - disease surveillance
• The quality of diagnosis (Recognition), the

timeliness and completeness of Reporting, and
analysis and effectiveness of feedback Response.
• Types:
 Individual Surveillance
 Local Population Surveillance
 National Population Surveillance
 International Surveillance
Surveillance - the first step in intervention

• Important for the early detection of outbreaks of
diseases
• The early detection of emerging (new) or re-
emerging (resurgent) infectious diseases
• Government of India constituted a National
Apical Advisory Committee for National
Disease surveillance and Response System
• The Govt. of India launched National

Surveillance Program for Communicable
Diseases (NSPCD) during 1997-98.
Objectives
 Capacity building at the state and district for early

identification of outbreaks of communicable diseases
 Appropriate and timely response to the outbreaks of
communicable diseases
 Strengthen laboratory support
 Improve clinical management of epidemic prone diseases
 Establish database & exclusive network of electronic
communication
 Ensure community participation
Programme strategies
 Surveillance system is strengthened through training of
medical and paramedical personnel
 Dissemination of technical information and guidelines
 Up gradation of laboratories
 Modernization of office equipment and data processing
systems
 IEC activities to promote community participation in the
prevention and control of outbreaks.
Prioritizing Diseases for Surveillance
1. Diseases targeted for eradication – poliomyelitis,

yaws
2. Diseases covered under national programs –
tuberculosis, leprosy
3. Epidemic prone diseases – cholera, viral
hepatitis
4. Diseases of public health importance – rabies
Organizational structure
NICD
State Epidemiology Cell
District Epidemiology Cell
Govt. hospitals Pvt. Health

hospitals centres
Achievements
• Coverage in 101 districts

• Training
• Rapid response team
• Case definitions
• Laboratory strengthening
• Data analysis & transmission
• Information feedback
Scope for improvement
• Non-communicable diseases
• Development of district level laboratories
• The District Hospital must have adequate microbiology

laboratory facilities, available both for diagnostic purposes
and for epidemiological investigations within the district
• District epidemiology cell must have an experienced

epidemiologist
Integrated disease surveillance program
• Launched in November 2004, by Government of

India
• To integrate surveillance activities carried out

under various vertical disease control programs
• Implementation in a phased manner over three

years – 2004-2007
Objectives
 To establish a decentralized state based system of

surveillance for communicable & non-
communicable diseases
 To improve the efficiency of the existing

surveillance activities & facilitate sharing of
relevant information
Components
1) Establish & operate a central level Disease
Surveillance Unit
2) Integrate & strengthen disease surveillance at

the state & district levels
3) Improve laboratory support
4) Training for disease surveillance & action

Diseases / conditions under surveillance
 Regular surveillance
• Vector borne diseases
• Water borne diseases
• Vaccine preventable diseases
• Respiratory diseases
 Sentinel surveillance
• Sexually transmitted diseases
• Blood borne diseases
 Periodic surveys
 Additional state priorities
Structural framework
• Central surveillance unit
• State surveillance unit
• District surveillance unit

Key performance indicators
• Percentage of districts providing monthly surveillance
reports
• Percentage of laboratories providing adequate quality
information
• Percentage of districts providing integrated surveillance
information
• Number of reports derived from private health care
providers
• Percentage of districts & states providing annual
surveillance reports

Disease Surveillance

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NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE

• Triple burden of infectious disease in India

• Control of infectious diseases of immediate

• A systematic process of reporting of various

• The quality of diagnosis (Recognition), the

Surveillance - the first step in intervention

• The Govt. of India launched National

 Capacity building at the state and district for early

1. Diseases targeted for eradication – poliomyelitis,

State Epidemiology Cell

District Epidemiology Cell

Govt. hospitals Pvt. Health

• Coverage in 101 districts

• Development of district level laboratories

• The District Hospital must have adequate microbiology

• District epidemiology cell must have an experienced

• Launched in November 2004, by Government of

• To integrate surveillance activities carried out

• Implementation in a phased manner over three

 To establish a decentralized state based system of

 To improve the efficiency of the existing

2) Integrate & strengthen disease surveillance at

3) Improve laboratory support

4) Training for disease surveillance & action

• Central surveillance unit

• State surveillance unit

• District surveillance unit

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