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    Vincent Akintolu
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    This document defines key terms and properties related to mechanical and electromagnetic waves. It discusses how waves transfer energy and information through oscillations without transferring matter. Mechanical waves require a medium and include sound and seismic waves, while electromagnetic waves do not require a medium and include radio, light, and other radiation. Longitudinal waves have oscillations parallel to the direction of travel, like sound waves. Transverse waves have oscillations perpendicular to the direction of travel, like waves on a string. Key wave properties defined include wavelength, amplitude, period, frequency, and speed. The relationship between these properties is given by the wave equation: wave speed equals frequency multiplied by wavelength. Some example problems demonstrate using the wave equation to calculate missing properties.

    Original Description:

    Waves presentation for KS 4

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    This document defines key terms and properties related to mechanical and electromagnetic waves. It discusses how waves transfer energy and information through oscillations without transferring matter. Mechanical waves require a medium and include sound and seismic waves, while electromagnetic waves do not require a medium and include radio, light, and other radiation. Longitudinal waves have oscillations parallel to the direction of travel, like sound waves. Transverse waves have oscillations perpendicular to the direction of travel, like waves on a string. Key wave properties defined include wavelength, amplitude, period, frequency, and speed. The relationship between these properties is given by the wave equation: wave speed equals frequency multiplied by wavelength. Some example problems demonstrate using the wave equation to calculate missing properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    52 views21 pages

    Waves

    Uploaded by

    Vincent Akintolu
    This document defines key terms and properties related to mechanical and electromagnetic waves. It discusses how waves transfer energy and information through oscillations without transferring matter. Mechanical waves require a medium and include sound and seismic waves, while electromagnetic waves do not require a medium and include radio, light, and other radiation. Longitudinal waves have oscillations parallel to the direction of travel, like sound waves. Transverse waves have oscillations perpendicular to the direction of travel, like waves on a string. Key wave properties defined include wavelength, amplitude, period, frequency, and speed. The relationship between these properties is given by the wave equation: wave speed equals frequency multiplied by wavelength. Some example problems demonstrate using the wave equation to calculate missing properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 21

    WAVES

    UNITS

    degree o
    hertz Hz
    metre m
    metre/second m/s
    second s
    PROPERTIES OF WAVES
    • Waves transfer energy & information but
    without transferring matter
    • The energy is transferred by oscillations in
    the material which the wave is travelling
    though
    1) Mechanical Waves
    Waves that pass though a material are vibrations of that
    material
    eg. Sound waves, seismic waves, strings

    2) Electromagnetic Waves
    Vibrating electrical or magnetic fields through space (no
    material needed)
    eg electromagnetic spectrum
    1. Longitudinal Waves
    C E C E C E
    Direction
    of
    Travel

    • Oscillations occur parallel to direction of travel


    • Sound waves – a vibrating surface in contact with air.
    • The surface pushes air molecules away which push adjacent air
    molecules
    which push adjacent air molecules which push adjacent air molecules which
    push adjacent air molecules which push adjacent air molecules which push adjacent air
    molecules which push adjacent air molecules which push adjacent air molecules which
    push adjacent air molecules which push adjacent air molecules which push adjacent air
    molecules which push adjacent air molecules which push adjacent air molecules which
    push adjacent air molecules which push adjacent air molecules which push adjacent air
    molecules……. Compression (C)
    Expansion (E)
    2. Transverse Wave
    Direction
    of
    Travel

    • Oscillations at right angles (90o) perpendicular to direction


    of travel
    • Electromagnetic waves – radiowaves, X-rays, microwaves,
    visible light etc
    • Waves on a string or wire – plucking a guitar string
    Parts of a Wave
    Wavelength

    Peak
    Amplitude
    A

    Trough
    x
    1 complete wave
    Key Terms
    Displacement (s) – the distance from the equilibrium
    position

    Wavelength (l) – the distance between identical points in


    a wave train

    Amplitude (A) – maximum displacement of a particle


    (peak or trough max.)
    Key Terms
    Period (T) – the time taken for 1 complete wave to pass a
    point

    Frequency (f) – number of cycles per second. Measured in


    Hertz (Hz).

    1
    T 
    f
    Amplitude and Frequency
    Low amplitude, low frequency:

    Low amplitude, high frequency:

    High amplitude, low frequency:

    High amplitude, high frequency:


    WAVE SPEED
    We know the relationship between
    distance, speed and time. D
    Speed = Distance / Time
    Therefore…
    S T

    Wave Speed = Wavelength / Period


    V=λ/T
    But we know that T = 1/f
    So we can substitute….
    The Wave Equation
    relates the speed of the wave to its frequency and wavelength

    Wave speed (v) = frequency (f) x wavelength ()


    m/s Hz m

    f 
    Some example wave equation questions
    1) The speed of sound is 330 m/s (in air). When Cuthbert hears this
    sound his ear vibrates 660 times a second. What was the
    wavelength of the sound?

    2) a) Purple light has a wavelength of around 6x10-7m. If its


    frequency is 5x1014 Hz. What is the speed of light?

    b) Red light travels at the same speed. Work out its frequency if
    its wavelength is about 4x10-7m.
    TSUNAMI
    a) A typical tsunami has a wavelength of 300km and a period of
    30 mins. What speed does it travel at?

    b) Brighton is 2800km from La Palma – how long do we have to


    evacuate before it hits?
    A sound wave has a frequency of 3250 Hz and

    a wavelength of  0.1 m. What is its velocity?

    Use  v = f x λ

    v = 3250 Hz x 0.1 m = 325 m/s


    A sound wave travels with a velocity of 330 m/s and has

    a frequency of 500 Hz.  What is its wavelength?

    Use  λ = v ÷ f

    λ = 330 m/s ÷ 500 Hz = 0.66 m


    A wave at sea travels with a velocity of 25 m/s. If it has a wavelength of 10 m,

    what is its frequency?

    Use f = v ÷ λ

    f = 25 m/s ÷ 10 m = 2.5 Hz

    Note - always make sure that you give the units for your answer and that

    the units are correct. If the wavelength is given in centimetres,

    convert it to metres before doing the calculation.

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