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Atoms, Elements, Isotopes, Ions and Compounds
Atoms, Elements, Isotopes, Ions and Compounds
If two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the
masses of one element that combine with the fixed mass of other
element are in ratios of small whole numbers
The law of conservation of mass states that
mass in an isolated system is neither created nor
destroyed by chemical reactions or physical
transformations.
Mass Number A
ZX
Element Symbol
Atomic Number
12 13 14
6C 6C 6C
235 238
92 U 92 U
The Isotopes of Hydrogen
14
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in 6 C ?
11
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in 6 C ?
Group
Period
Alkali Earth Metal
Alkali Metal
A molecule is an aggregate of two or more atoms in a
definite arrangement held together by covalent bonds.
11 protons 11 protons
Na 11 electrons Na +
10 electrons
27 3+
How many protons and electrons are in 13 Al ?
13 protons, 13 – 3 = 10 electrons
78 2–
How many protons and electrons are in 34 Se ?
34 protons, 34 + 2 = 36 electrons
Common Monatomic Cations
A molecule is an aggregate of at least two atoms in a
definite arrangement held together by chemical forces.
Group 8A Noble Gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn) exist
in single atoms and called monoatomics.
Al2O3
Al3+ O2–
1 x +2 = +2 2 x –1 = –2
CaBr2
Ca2+ Br –
2 x +1 = +2 1 x –2 = –2
Na2CO3
Na+ CO32–
Monatomic negative ion names end in “ide.”