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  • Middle Age/ Medieval Period: Kent W. Depayso

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    The Black Death was a devastating pandemic that originated in Asia and spread to Europe in the 14th century. It arrived via trade routes, carried by fleas living on rats aboard merchant ships. The disease was highly contagious and lethal, with no known cure. It caused widespread death across Europe between 1347-1350, killing an estimated 30-60% of the population. People attempted to combat the plague through quarantines and hygienic measures, but these had limited success. After the initial outbreak subsided, Europeans worked to rebuild population numbers and the economy over subsequent decades.

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    The Black Death was a devastating pandemic that originated in Asia and spread to Europe in the 14th century. It arrived via trade routes, carried by fleas living on rats aboard merchant ships. The disease was highly contagious and lethal, with no known cure. It caused widespread death across Europe between 1347-1350, killing an estimated 30-60% of the population. People attempted to combat the plague through quarantines and hygienic measures, but these had limited success. After the initial outbreak subsided, Europeans worked to rebuild population numbers and the economy over subsequent decades.

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    37 views30 pages

    Middle Age/ Medieval Period: Kent W. Depayso

    Uploaded by

    Cindy Maslag
    The Black Death was a devastating pandemic that originated in Asia and spread to Europe in the 14th century. It arrived via trade routes, carried by fleas living on rats aboard merchant ships. The disease was highly contagious and lethal, with no known cure. It caused widespread death across Europe between 1347-1350, killing an estimated 30-60% of the population. People attempted to combat the plague through quarantines and hygienic measures, but these had limited success. After the initial outbreak subsided, Europeans worked to rebuild population numbers and the economy over subsequent decades.

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    of 30

    MIDDLE AGE/

    MEDIEVAL PERIOD

    KENT W. DEPAYSO
    1. WHY IS THE MIDDLE AGE CALLED DARK AGE?
    2. WHAT ARE THE REASONS WHY LIFE IN THE MIDDLE
    AGE WAS VERY HARD? (5 REASONS)
    3. WHAT IS THE BASIC GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY IN
    EUROPE DURING THE MIDDLE AGES?
    4. IDENTIFY THE HEIRARCHY OF RULERS AND WRITE
    THE FUNCTIONS FOR EACH.
    5. WHAT IS LIFE LIKE DURING THE MIDDLE AGES?
     COUNTRY SIDE
     IN THE CITY
     WHAT WERE THEIR HOMES LIKE?
     WHAT DID THEY EAT?
     DID THEY GO TO SCHOOL? EXPLAIN
    1. HOW DID THE BLACK DEATH START?
    2. HOW BAD WAS THE BLACK DEATH?
    3. WHAT DID PEOPLE DO TO COMBAT THE
    DISEASE?
    4. HOW DID THEY REBUILD EUROPE AFTER
    THE BLACK DEATH?
    WHY IS THE MIDDLE AGE CALLED
    DARK AGE?
    Because the great civilizations of Rome and Greece had been
    conquered.
    The term 'Dark Ages' was coined by an Italian scholar named
    Francesco Petrarch. Petrarch, who lived from 1304 to 1374, used
    this label to describe what he perceived as a lack of quality in the
    Latin literature of his day.
    Other thinkers came along and expanded this designation to include
    not only literature, but also culture in general. The term thus
    evolved as a designation for the supposed lack of culture and
    advancement in Europe during the medieval period.
    WHAT ARE THE REASONS WHY LIFE IN THE
    MIDDLE AGE WAS VERY HARD?
    Very few people could read or write.
    Their lack of knowledge often led to superstitious beliefs.
    The people thought that fate ruled their existence; therefore, there
    was little hope for the improvement of their condition.
    During the years of the Roman Empire, the poor people were
    protected by the soldiers of the emperor. When the empire fell,
    there were no laws to protect them, so they turned to the lords to
    keep the peace and to act on their behalf.
    This willingness to be ruled by the lords led to the beginnings of
    feudalism.
    Some peasants were free, but most became serfs to a lord. This
    meant they were bound to the lord’s land and paid very high rent to
    the lord.
    WHAT IS THE BASIC GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY
    IN EUROPE DURING THE MIDDLE AGES?
    It was based around the feudal system
    Small communities were formed around the local
    lord and the manor.
    The lord owned the land and everything in it.
    He would keep the peasants safe in return for their
    service.
    The lord, in return, would provide the king with
    soldiers or taxes.
    SERVICE FOR LAND
    Under the feudal system land was granted to people for service.
    It started at the top with the king granting his land to a baron for
    soldiers all the way down to a peasant getting land to grow crops.

    THE MANOR
    The center of life in the Middle Ages was the manor.
    The manor was run by the local lord. He lived in a large house or
    castle where people would gather for celebrations or for protection
    if they were attacked. A small village would form around the castle
    which would include the local church. Farms would then spread out
    from there which would be worked by the peasants.
    HEIRARCHY OF RULERS
    KING 
    The top leader in the land was the king.
    The king could not control all of the land by himself, so he divided it
    up among the Barons.
    the Barons pledged their loyalty and soldiers to the king. When a king
    died, his firstborn son would inherit the throne. When one family
    stayed in power for a long time, this was called a dynasty.
    BISHOP 
    The Bishop was the top church leader in the kingdom and managed
    an area called a diocese.
    The Catholic Church was very powerful in most parts of Medieval
    Europe and this made the Bishop powerful as well. Not only that, but
    the church received a tithe of 10 percent from all the people. This
    made some Bishops very rich.
    HEIRARCHY OF RULERS
    BARONS AND NOBLES-
    The Barons and high ranking nobles ruled large areas of land called
    fiefs.
    They reported directly to the king and were very powerful.
    They divided up their land among Lords who ran individual manors.
    Their job was to maintain an army that was at the king's service. If
    they did not have an army, sometimes they would pay the king a tax
    instead. This tax was called shield money.
    LORDS AND KNIGHTS 
    The lords ran the local manors.
    They also were the king's knights and could be called into battle at
    any moment by their Baron.
    The lords owned everything on their land including the peasants,
    crops, and village.
    HEIRARCHY OF RULERS
    PEASANTS OR SERFS

    They had a hard rough life.


    Some peasants were considered free and could own their
    own businesses like carpenters, bakers, and blacksmiths.
    Others were more like slaves. They owned nothing and
    were pledged to their local lord.
    They worked long days, 6 days a week, and often barely
    had enough food to survive.
    DAILY LIFE
    LIFE IN THE COUNTRY
    The majority of people living during the Middle Ages lived in
    the country and worked as farmers.
    Usually there was a local lord who lived in a large house called a
    manor or a castle.
    Local peasants would work the land for the lord. The peasants
    were called the lord's "villeins", which was like a servant.
    The peasants worked hard all year long.
    They grew crops such as barley, wheat, and oats.
    They also had gardens where they grew vegetables and fruits.
    They also sometimes had a few animals such as chickens for
    eggs and cows for milk.
    DAILY LIFE
    LIFE IN THE CITY
    City life was very different from country life, but it wasn't
    much easier.
    The cities were crowded and dirty.
    A lot of people worked as craftsmen and were members of
    a guild.
    Young boys would serve as apprentices for seven years
    learning a craft.
    Other jobs in the city included servants, merchants, bakers,
    doctors, and lawyers.
    DAILY LIFE
    WHAT WERE THEIR HOMES LIKE?
    Most people lived in small one or two room
    homes.
    These homes were very crowded and usually
    everyone slept in the same room.
    In the country, the family animals, such as a cow,
    may also live inside the home.
    The home was usually dark, smoky from the fire,
    and uncomfortable.
    DAILY LIFE
    WHAT DID THEY WEAR?
    Most peasants wore plain clothing made from heavy wool to
    keep them warm during the winter.
    The wealthy, however, wore much nicer clothes made from fine
    wool, velvet, and even silk.
    Men generally wore a tunic, woolen stockings, breeches, and a
    cloak.
    Women wore a long skirt called a kirtle, an apron, woolen
    stockings, and a cloak.
    In order to separate the nobles from the peasants, laws were
    passed called "sumptuary" laws. These laws stated who could
    wear what types of clothes and what materials they could use.
    KING AND QUEEN BARONS
    BISHOP
    PEASANTS LORDS AND KNIGHTS
    DAILY LIFE
    WHAT DID THEY EAT?
    Peasants during the Middle Ages did not have a lot of variety in their
    food.
    They mostly ate bread and stew.
    The stew would have beans, dried peas, cabbage, and other
    vegetables sometimes flavored with a bit of meat or bones. Other
    foods like meat, cheese, and eggs were usually saved for special
    occasions.
    Since they didn't have a way to keep their meat cold, they would eat
    it fresh. Leftover meat was smoked or salted to preserve it. The
    nobles ate a wider variety of food including meats and sweet
    puddings.
    DAILY LIFE
    DID THEY GO TO SCHOOL?
    Very few people attended school in the Middle Ages.
    Most peasants learned their job and how to survive from their
    parents.
    Some children learned a craft through apprenticeship and the guild
    system.
    Wealthy children often learned through tutors. They would go to live
    in the castle of another lord where they would work for the lord,
    learning about how a large manor was run.
    There were some schools run by the church. Here students would
    learn to read and write Latin. The first universities also began during
    the Middle Ages. University students would study a wide range of
    subjects including reading, writing, logic, math, music, astronomy,
    and public speaking.
    THE BLACK
    DEATH
    DEFINITION OF TERMS
    ENDEMIC: a disease that exists permanently in a
    particular region or population. Malaria is a
    constant worry in parts of Africa.

    EPIDEMIC: An outbreak of disease that attacks


    many peoples at about the same time and may
    spread through one or several communities.

    PANDEMIC: When an epidemic spreads


    throughout the world.
    WHAT IS A PLAGUE

    The plague is a serious bacterial infection that can be


    deadly.
    Sometimes referred to as the “black plague,” the
    disease is caused by a bacterial strain called Yersinia
    pestis.
    This bacterium is found in animals throughout the world
    and is usually transmitted to humans through fleas.
    The risk of plague is highest in areas that have poor
    sanitation, overcrowding, and a large population of
    rodents.
    TYPES OF PLAGUE
    BUBONIC PLAGUE
    The most common form of plague is bubonic plague.
    It’s usually contracted when an infected rodent or flea bites you.
    In very rare cases, you can get the bacteria from material that has
    come into contact with an infected person.
    SEPTICEMIC PLAGUE
    When the bacteria enter the bloodstream directly and multiply
    there, it’s known as septicemic plague.
    When they’re left untreated, both bubonic and pneumonic
    plague can lead to septicemic plague.
    PNEUMONIC PLAGUE
    When the bacteria spread to or first infect the lungs, it’s known
    as pneumonic plague
    When someone with pneumonic plague coughs, the bacteria
    from their lungs are expelled into the air.
    HOW PLAGUE SPREADS
    People usually get plague through the bite of
    fleas that have previously fed on infected
    animals like mice, rats, rabbits, squirrels,
    chipmunks, and prairie dogs. It can also be
    spread through direct contact with an infected
    person or animal or by eating an infected animal.
    HOW DID IT START IN EUROPE
    The Black Death is the name for a terrible
    disease that spread throughout Europe from
    1347 to 1350. There was no cure for the disease
    and it was highly contagious.
    The plague likely started in Asia and traveled
    westward along the Silk Road. The disease was
    carried by fleas that lived on rats. Historians
    think that black rats living on European merchant
    ships caught the disease, eventually bringing it to
    Europe.
    THE SILK ROAD
    HOW BAD WAS IT?
    By the time the disease ran its course, it had killed at least
    one third of the people in Europe and probably more.
    In Paris, France it's estimated that around 800 people died a
    day.
    There were so many dead that they couldn't bury them.
    They had to carry them to massive pits.
    Unfortunately, the people in the Middle Ages didn't know
    that the disease was carried by rats.
    This made larger cities and towns, which were very dirty
    during the Middle Ages, especially dangerous as there were
    lots of rats there.
    Sometimes entire towns or villages were wiped out by the
    plague.
    WHAT DID PEOPLE DO?
    There was panic.
    Many people were sure it was the end of the
    world.
    People locked their doors and tried to hide in
    their houses.
    However, this did little good in cities where rats,
    and therefore fleas, were everywhere.
    They also burned down houses and even entire
    villages to try and stop the disease.
    HOW DOCTORS CURED THE DISEASE?
    Rubbing Onions, herbs or a chopped up snake on
    the boil.
    Drinking vinegar, eating crushed minerals,
    arsenic, and mercury
    Fumigating the house with herbs to purify the
    air.
    Doctors learned how to help the patient recover
    by bursting the buboes.
    Doctors often tested Urine for color and health.
    Some even tasted it to test.
    FACTS ABOUT THE BLACK DEATH
    Many people thought that the Black Death was punishment
    from God.
    It is estimated that somewhere between 75 million and 200
    million people died of the plague.
    Some scientists think it was a bacteria called Yersinia pestis that
    caused the disease.
    The plague was not called the Black Death until many years later.
    Some think it was called this because of how the skin turned
    dark at the late stages of the disease, but it was more likely
    called "Black" to reflect the dark and horrible time in history.
    Some people thought that pockets of bad air released by
    earthquakes caused the plague. Others went so far as to blame
    Jewish people for bringing the plague to kill Christians.
    The epidemic returned to Europe several times, but wasn't as
    bad as the Black Death period.

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