FORENSIC Ballistics
FORENSIC Ballistics
ICS
What is Ballistics?
A science that deals with the motion of projectiles.
Technically, it refers to the science of firearms
identification.
Legal meaning:
Ttypes of Motion:
Direct - forward motion of the bullet inside the barrel as a r
esult of gas expansion.
Translational- straight motion of the bullet where there is
no rotation.
* It includes the bouncing of the bullet after hitting a hard obj
ect.
Rotary- spinning motion of the bullet as a result of the rifl
ings.
Gyroscopic Action
- stillness of the rotating motion and attained its hi
ghest momentum for stability in flight and penetrating pow
er.
Branches of Ballistics
Interior Ballistics
Exterior Ballistics
Terminal Ballistics
Forensic Ballistics
Shot Ballistics
Wound Ballistics
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Interior Ballistics
(FICEPERVRE)
Terminal Energy
Terminal Velocity
Terminal Accuracy
Terminal Penetration
Forensic Ballistics
Field investigation
Technical examinations
Legal Proceeding
Shot Ballistics
Flintlock
Matchlock
Wound Ballistics
- refers to the study of projectile penetration on
tissues.
17
Gunshot Wound - an open wound produced by the pe
netration of bullet
within the tissue of the body.
SwissMiniGun
The SwissMiniGun is the size of a key fob but fires tiny
270mph bullets powerful enough to kill at close range.
Officially the world's smallest working revolver, the gun is
being marketed as a collector's item and measures just
2.16 inches long (5.5cm). It can fire real 4.53 bullets up to
a range of 367ft (112m)
Ammunition
Technically:
It refers to a complete unfired unit consisting of a
bullet, cartridge case, propellant powder and primer.
Etymology....
Bullet
Cartridge case
Gunpowder
Rim
Primer cup
Primer
Bullet
According to types:
Boxer (USA)
Berdan (Europe)
Gunpowder
Types of gunpowder:
Black powder
Smokeless powder
Forerunners
Roger Bacon – 1242, the one who first record the actual
chemicals for gunpowder in his book Opus Magnusset.
- employed in military application during 13 th century.
Berthold Schwartz – first person who used the gunpowder for a
rifle.
SMOKELESS POWDER
PAUL VIEILLE
Poudre B
Alfred E. Nobel
BALLISTITE
Sir Frederick Abel & James Dewar
CORDITE
nitroguanidine
Barrel
- a barrel is made from a solid steel. Most of the hunting
rifle and military firearms are made of high alloy Crome
Molybdenum.
- 4140/4150/4340in USA
- EN 19 or EN 24 in Britain
- another one is the 416 type stainless steel.
Process in barrel making
Drilling
Reaming
Rifling
Lapping
Chambering
Rifling
Number of lands
Number of grooves
Width of lands
Depth of grooves
Pitch of rifling
Twist of rifling
2 Characteristics of a Firearm
Class Characteristics
Individual Characteristics
Class characteristics according to riflings
Land marks
Grooves marks
Skid marks
Stripping marks
Shaving Marks
Riffling Marks
Marks found on a fired cartridge case:
On fired bullets:
- mark on the ogive near the nose or on the base.
On fired cartridge case:
- mark on the side of the cartridge near the mouth or
inside the mouth.
IBIS
PHILTOP_08