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Topic: Reverse Osmosis Subject: Chemical Process Industries - 1 Guided By: Dr. Subrahmanyam SIR
Topic: Reverse Osmosis Subject: Chemical Process Industries - 1 Guided By: Dr. Subrahmanyam SIR
1. Reverse Osmosis
2. Reverse Osmosis Process
3. Advantages and Disadvantages of
Reverse Osmosis
4. Conclusion
Reverse Osmosis (RO)
3
CONT.
• If, however a hydrostatic
pressure in excess to
osmotic pressure is applied
on the concentrated side ,
the solvent flow is reversed,
i.e., solvent is forced to
move from concentrated
side to dilute side across the
membrane . This is the
principle of reverse osmosis.
Reverse Osmosis Process
1. PRE- TREATMENT :
• In reverse osmosis system, pretreatment of
sea water is very important for the
membranes.
• In this micro-organism are destroyed and
suspended solid removed .
• Usually pre-treatment of saline water consists
of :
CONT.
A. Prechlorination of sea water.
B. Coagulation of colloid particles (sedimanate
the suspended and insoluble particles).
C. Filtration.
D. Neutralization.
FLOW CHART
Reverse Osmosis Process
2. REVERSE OSMOSIS :
• At this stage, high pressure pumps supply the pressure
needed to enable the water to pass through the
membranes and reject the salts. This pressure ranges
from 54 to 80 atmospheres.
• As a portion of the water passes through the
membranes, in the remaining feed water salt content
increases.
• At the same time, a portion of this feed water is
discharged without passing through the membranes.
CONT.
• Without this controlled discharge, the pressurized
water would continue to increase in salt
concentration, creating such problems as
precipitation of supersaturated salts and increased
osmotic pressure across the membranes.
• The amount of the feed water discharged to waste
is between 20 and 70 percent of feed flow and
depends on the salt content of the feed water.
Reverse Osmosis Process
3. POST- TREATMENT :
• At the stage of post treatment ,water is
stabilised and prepared for distribution .
• This stage might consist of :
i. Removal of gases ,such as hydrogen sulphide
.
ii. Adjustment of ph and hardness.
Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants in
the World
1
Fig: Ras Al Khair Desalination Plant, Saudi Arabia 1
ADVANTAGES:
• Improves taste, odor and
appearance.
• Highly effective purification
process .
• Very convenient .
• Easy to clean .
• Low production cost .
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2
DISADVANTAGES:
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5
Thank You