2.3 Principle of Turbine Governing Compressed
2.3 Principle of Turbine Governing Compressed
The main function of turbine governing system is to control the speed and load at all
operating conditions by positioning steam inlet control valves.
Turbine governing system covers all protections to safeguard the unit operation.
The governing system uses input from turbine-generator speed, megawatt, pressure and
various supervisory instruments fitted on field and produce output signal to control steam inlet
valves or to trip the turbine in case of abnormality.
DEH governing uses high-pressure EH fluid a s a motive force to position the steam
inlet valves in response to electrical commands from the microprocessor controller.
As this governing system uses high pressure oil, this type of governing is also called
a s “High Pressure Governing” system.
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Mechanical governor
Fly Balls
Elastic Medium
Fulcrum
sleeve
CV
Steam
AC
ST
Bevel gear
Mainly used in small captive power plants having capacity < 1MW and
in LMW turbines
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Speed differential is related to the sleeve stroke which is specified
by appropriate sizing of weights & spring.
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Hydraulic Governor
EHC
Speeder Gear
Hyd.Speed Gov
DRAIN HPSO
IPSO
Primary Oil
TRIP
LSR OIL
IPST
Hydraulic TX HPS
T DRAIN
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Speed Vs Primary Oil Pressure
Over speed trip
3300
C
3150
Operating
Speed
B
2850 Range
Turbine Linear
Speed Relationship
(rpm) A For
2400 Governor Governing
Assumes
Control
signal
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EH Fluid System
EH Oil Recycle Pump:
• Vane type pump used for filtration, cooling, filling and draining of EH oil.
• The discharge flow of the recycle pump can be lined up through any one cooler to
maintain the reservoir temperature within operating range.
EH Oil Coolers:
• Two EH oil coolers are provided for cooling of EH oil supplied from recycle pump or
return from pressurized drain line.
• At a time one cooler can be lined up from recycle pump and other from
pressurized drain line using one three way valve at inlet of each cooler.
HP Accumulator.
• One hydro pneumatic high pressure accumulator mounted on side of the reservoir,
maintains the discharge pressure due to change in flow demand at various conditions.
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EH Oil
Fire retardant pure tri-aryl phosphate Ester.
• NAS value 5 or better
• TAN 0.12 mg of KOH
Self ignition point 593 deg C
Hygroscopic in nature (tendency to absorb moisture from atmosphere)
Excess moisture may lead to increase TAN value
Max allowed moisture content up to 1000 ppm
Operating temp range 21 - 55 deg C
For maintaining TAN value an additional polishing cum filtration unit provide
Make: Ferrocare
It comprises of three system
1. N2 generator for capping to moisture ingress in oil
2. Resign for Ion exchange to reduce acidity level
3. Fine mechanical filter (5 mic) to maintain NAS
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Scheme of Turbine steam flow:
HRH
MSSV
MS LINE M
TV 1 RSV 1
GVs 4 nos (Governing valve)
RSV 2 nos (Reheat stop valve) GV 1 GV 3 IV 1
IV 2 nos(Interceptor valve)
HP IP LP
GV 2 GV 4 IV 2
TV 2 RSV 2
CONDENSER
CRH
HOTWELL
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Block Diagram
(4)
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EH Oil Main Pump
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EH FLUID SUPPLY CONTROL BLOCK
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Flow G a u g e a n d Te m p e r a t u r e I n d i ca t o r
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HP/LP ACCUMULATORS
LP Accumulator nitrogen gas normal operation pressure is 0.21MPa. These accumulators should be
recharged if the gas pressure decreases to 0.17MPa level.
HP accumulator Normal charging pressure is 9.3MPa, a pressure reading of less than 8.2MPa that
the accumulator should be recharged indicates.
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Accumulators:
Basic functions
1. Supply oil for high transient flow demands when pump can’t keep up
2. Absorb hydraulic shock waves (due to valve closures or actuators hitting
stops)
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EH oil scheme
Pressure
152 bar
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TYPES OF OIL GENERATED IN DEH GOVERNING SYSTEM
HP Pilot Oil
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TYPES OF OIL GENERATED IN DEH GOVERNING SYSTEM
Supplied by EH fluid supply system to all actuators, emergency trip block, eh oil test block.
Part of EH oil generated within the system after reheat stop valve and Throttle valve actuators and used to close their
dump valves.
Part of EH oil generated within the system after Governing valve and Interceptor valve actuators and used to close
their dump valves.
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TYPES OF OIL GENERATED IN DEH GOVERNING SYSTEM
HP Pilot Oil
Part of EH oil generated within the system used for close the AST solenoid valves
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MAIN COMPONENTS OF STEAM VALVE ACTUATORS
EH oil lines: each actuator connected by three EH oil lines in the DEH system.
• HP line: One high pressure line is connected to each actuator which supplies power fluid generated from EH oil supply
system. The pressure is around 140 ksc.
• DP line: one pressurised drain line is connected to each actuator which returns the drain oil from actuator to EH oil
reservoir. The pressure is about 0 to 2 ksc.
• AST or OPC line: One Auto Stop Turbine Trip line (for TV and RSV) or Over speed Protection Control lin (for GV and IV)
is connected to each actuator which blocks the path between cylinder and DP line and reset the actuators after latching
the turbine. the pressure is nearly equal to HP line pressure.
• When taking online repair, if it is required to replace some component of the servo actuator, this can
be done after closing the isolation valve without stopping the pump.
Filter
• One filter of 3 microns is provided in HP line after manual isolation valve
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MAIN COMPONENTS OF STEAM VALVE ACTUATORS
Check Valves:
• Two check valves are separately mounted each one on drain return oil line and AST/OPC line.
• check valve is mounted on the outlet, prohibiting leakage caused by DP returns back during online repair
• Check valve on AST line can maintain AST & OPC header fluid pressure when dump valve opens to close the servo
actuator during stem movement test in order not to affect the positions of other actuators.
Servo Valve:
• The flow of EH fluid through isolation valve and filter is controlled to the hydraulic cylinder through servo valve
Dump Valve:
• One dump valve is provided for each actuator, which dumps the fluid in actuator cylinder in order to close the
steam valves quickly by spring force at the moment of tripping or OPC.
• Dump valves are kept in closed condition by applying backpressure of AST and OPC
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Valve actuator P&ID
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Reheat Stop Valve Operation
Turbine resets (establishing fluid pressure in upper part of
diaphragm to close the diaphragm) and is latched (energizing
four AST solenoid valves to make them close), HP fluid enters
hydraulic cylinder through isolation valve on RSV and the orifice.
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RSV OPERATION
AST HDR
Trip condition
Latch
Dump valve
DP OIL
HP Oil discharge
of pump
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Dump Valve (Pilot Relief Valve) for RSVs and GVs
Dump valve on RSV & GV and relief valve on EH reservoir control block
are the same, but when used in servo actuator it is used as load-release
valve, pressure adjusting handler can only in fully open and fully close
position, it cannot be for pressure adjusting.
The whole valve consists of pilot valve and main valve, the pilot valve is
actuated by the AST/OPC header to provide quick closing independent
of the electrical system. When the dump valve is activated it releases all
operating fluid to drain. Heavy springs on the valve assembly provide
the force for quick closing.
Dump valve is connected with servo actuator fluid passages. AST/OPC
fluid actuates on the upper end of spool, and fluid in the lower part of
the cylinder actuates on the lower end of spool. When working the two
pressure are basically equal, in the effect of spool spring and the
difference between upper end and lower end areas to hold the spool on
its seat, establishing fluid pressure in the lower part of servo actuator
cylinder. When AST/OPC fluid is released, fluid in the lower part of the
cylinder opens spool, releasing the fluid in the lower part of cylinder to
drain.
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GV/RSV ACTUATOR DUMP VALVE
28
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GV/RSV ACTUATOR DUMP VALVE
29
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Governing Valve
The actuator is single side acting and provides the force for opening
the valve and closing springs provide the force to close the valve.
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Governor valve Open
LVDT
C
SERVO VALVE
Command
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Governor valve Closed
LVDT
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HP BACK UP SEAL
OIL PU MP
DISCHARGE
PRESSURE
OIL FLOW
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Emergency Trip Control Block
The Emergency trip control block, is mounted on the right side of the governor pedestal and contains six
solenoid valves.
Four solenoid valves, arranged in series-parallel, are auto stop solenoids (2O/AST), which are energized
closed from the emergency trip system controller. If the controller senses a trip condition, these solenoid
valves will open, releasing the high pressure operating fluid from the AST Header to drain and cause a turbine
trip.
Loss of AST fluid pressure and subsequent turbine trip may be achieved
By energizing a relay in the electronic trip system
By causing the opening of the interface diaphragm valve
The other two solenoids arranged in parallel are over-speed protection control solenoids (2O/OPC) and are
responsive to actuating signals from the over-speed protection controller. In the event of a complete loss of
electrical load which will cause a sudden increase above normal turbine speed, the over-speed protection
controller will impulse the solenoids and releasing to drain only the high pressure operating fluid from the
OPC header for the governor and reheat regulator valves causing these valves to closed rapidly.
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EMERGENCY TRIP CONTROL BLOCK
36
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INSTR. AIR 152 Bar
SUPPLY 151 Bar 72 Bar
P P 72 Bar
G P
G
G LATCH
TO EXTR. NRVs 1 s 2 s
1 s 1 Remark:
AST HDR • AST SOVs are
energized to
close
OPC HDR • OPC SOVs are
2 s 3 s 4 s energized to
open
PRESSURISED EH OIL
DRAIN
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0 Bar
152 Bar
151
0 Bar
Bar 072 Bar
Bar
P P
G P
G
G TRIP
1 s 2 s
1 s 1 Remark:
AST HDR Trip condition
both AST channel
acted require
OPC HDR
2 s 3 s 4 s
PRESSURISED EH OIL
DRAIN
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150 Bar
151 Bar 72 Bar
0 Bar P
G P P
G G OPC
1 s 2 s
1 s Remark:
AST HDR OPC action any
OPC SOV acted
require
OPC HDR
2 s 3 s 4 s
PRESSURISED EH OIL
DRAIN
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150 Bar
151 Bar 72 Bar
ETS channel 1 fault P
P P
G > 93 Bar
G G
1 s 2 s
1 s
AST HDR
OPC HDR
2 s 3 s 4 s
PRESSURISED EH OIL
DRAIN
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150 Bar
151 Bar 72 Bar
ETS channel 2 fault P
P P
G < 41 Bar
G G
1 s 2 s
1 s
AST HDR
OPC HDR
2 s 3 s 4 s
PRESSURISED EH OIL
DRAIN
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Remote latch
AST TRIP HDR
0 BAR
INST AIR DRAIN
SUPPLY
TRIP RESET
TEST
DRAIN
43
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OVERSPEED PROTECTION CONTROL
Loss of the over-speed Protection Control (OPC) Trip Header pressure will cause only the governor and reheat
regulator valves to close.
An air pilot valve, used to monitor the extraction non-return valves, is also triggered from the OPC Trip Header
pressure.
OPC set point is 103% of rated speed. (3090r/min). It acts when speed is > 3090 rpm and reset at < 3060 rpm.
The other two solenoids arranged in parallel are over-speed protection control solenoids (2O/OPC) and are responsive
to actuating signals from the over-speed protection controller. In the event of a complete loss of electrical load which
will cause a sudden increase above normal turbine speed, the over-speed protection controller will impulse the
solenoids and releasing to drain only the high pressure operating fluid from the OPC header for the governor and
Interceptor valves causing these
In emergency trip control block, two parallel check valves are arranged between AST header and OPC header. This
arrangement ensures only to release OPC fluid and maintain AST fluid pressure when OPC happens, and auto
release OPC fluid when losing AST fluid pressure (for instance, when stop the turbine)
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Interface Diaphragm valve operation
AST TRIP HDR
0 BAR
152 BAR OPEN
DRAIN
CLOSE
TRIP RESET
TEST
TRIP LEVER
HP BACK UP SEAL
OIL PU MP DRAIN
DISCHARGE
PRESSURE 10~12 bar
Mechanical over speed trip system is another safety protection system. Except for all of trip signals sent to AST
solenoid valves and relieving oil pressure of header through emergency trip block, there is another trip weight
over speed protection mechanism, which can relieve the oil pressure above diaphragm valve to release the
AST oil pressure when the speed of turbine exceeds the normal speed.
Mechanical Over speed Trip System consists of low pressure safety oil supply system, emergency trip device,
over speed trip mechanism, over speed trip valve reset device, over speed trip mechanism check device and
Integrated safety devices.
The function of the over speed trip mechanism is automatically to stop the flow of all steam into the
turbine if the turbine speed increases to 110%~112% of normal speed
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Emergency Trip Device
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Schematic of Over speed Trip Mechanism & Oil Injection Testing
48
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Mechanical Overspeed trip
AST TRIP HDR
152 BAR 0 BAR
OPEN
DRAIN
CLOSE
@3300 RPM
TRIP RESET
TEST
DRAIN
0 BAR P
DRAIN
G CLOSE
TRIP RESET
TEST
CLOSED
DRAIN
0 BAR P
DRAIN
G CLOSE
2.5 BAR
TRIP RESET
MECH OVERSPEED TEST LEVER
MOVED TOWARD TEST POSSITION
AND HOLD IT UNTIL TEST
COMPLETE
TEST
START
OPENNIG
DRAIN
0 BAR P
DRAIN
G
2.5 BAR
TRIP RESET
MECH OVERSPEED TEST LEVER
MOVED TOWARD TEST POSSITION
AND HOLD IT UNTIL TEST
COMPLETE
TEST
START
CLOSED
CLOSING
DRAIN
0 BAR P
DRAIN
G CLOSE
TRIP RESET
MECH OVERSPEED TEST LEVER
MOVED TOWARD NORMAL
POSSITION
TEST
CLOSED
DRAIN
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