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Concentration of Solution
Concentration of Solution
溶液的浓度
Learning Objective
• Concentration of solution
• Prepare 制备 solutions in lab
• Calculation
Concentration of Solution
Solvent
Solute
Preparing Solutions from Pure Solids
Concentration of Solution
• Percent volume 体积百分数
% volume = volume solute (ml) x 100
volume solution (ml)
x = 0.05
350.0 ml
x = 17.5 ml
Concentration of Solution
Example 3:
Find the percent by mass in which 41.0 g of NaCl is
dissolved in 331 grams of water.
41 g x 100 = 11.0%
372 g
Concentration of Solution
mass solute
• % (w/w) = mass solution x 100
volume solute
• % (v/v) = x 100
volume solution
mass solute
• % (w/v) = volume solution x 100
1.85 g solute
% (w/v) =
100 mL solution
We know: We want to get:
g solute
g solute and mL solution
mL solution
100 mL solution
5.7 g solute = 310 mL Solution
1.85 g solute
g solute ÷ concentration = volume solution
More practice
1. What is the % W/W of copper in an alloy when 10 g of Cu is mixed wit
h 250 g of Zn?
10 g / 260 g = 3.8 %
2. What is approximate % V/V if 30 mL of pure ethanol is added to 250 m
L of water?
30 mL / 280 mL = 11% V/V (in reality may be off)
3. What is the % W/W if 8.0 g copper is added to enough zinc to produce
100 g of an alloy?
8.0 g / 100 g = 8% W/W
Parts per Million/Billion (ppm & ppb)
mass solute mg
• ppm = × 106
╳ or = ppm
volume solution L
mass solute or g
• ppb = × 10
╳
9 = ppb
volume solution L
AND
Mass and volume units must match. For very low
(g & mL) or (kg & L) concentrations:
ng
parts per trillion = ppt
L
ppm & ppb
Example Problem 1
An Olympic sized swimming pool
contains 2,500,000 L of water. If 1 tsp of
salt (NaCl) is dissolved in the pool, what
is the concentration in ppm?
1 teaspoon = 6.75 g NaCl
or
g solute mg solute
ppm = x106
×10 ppm = x106
mL solution L solution
ppm = ×10
x10 ppm = 1000g
x106
x10 L 1 L
2.5×10 6 1000 mL
2.5×10 6
x10 L
ppm = 0.0027 ppm = 0.0027
ppm & ppb
Example Problem 2
An Olympic sized swimming pool
contains 2,500,000 L of water. If 1 tsp of
salt (NaCl) is dissolved in the pool, what
is the concentration in ppb?
1 teaspoon = 6.75 g NaCl
g solute 9
ppb = ×10
x10
mL solution
6.75 g 9
ppb = ×10
x10
x10 L 1 L
2.5×10 6 1000 mL
ppb = 2.7