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  • Concentration of Solution

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    Zheng Joey
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    This document discusses concentration of solutions. It defines concentration as the ratio of the amount of solute to the amount of solution. It provides formulas to calculate concentration by mass percentage (%w/w), volume percentage (%v/v), and mass-volume percentage (%w/v). It gives examples of calculating concentration using these different units of measurement. The document also defines parts per million (ppm) and parts per billion (ppb) as units for very low concentrations and provides examples of calculating ppm and ppb.

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    This document discusses concentration of solutions. It defines concentration as the ratio of the amount of solute to the amount of solution. It provides formulas to calculate concentration by mass percentage (%w/w), volume percentage (%v/v), and mass-volume percentage (%w/v). It gives examples of calculating concentration using these different units of measurement. The document also defines parts per million (ppm) and parts per billion (ppb) as units for very low concentrations and provides examples of calculating ppm and ppb.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    239 views16 pages

    Concentration of Solution

    Uploaded by

    Zheng Joey
    This document discusses concentration of solutions. It defines concentration as the ratio of the amount of solute to the amount of solution. It provides formulas to calculate concentration by mass percentage (%w/w), volume percentage (%v/v), and mass-volume percentage (%w/v). It gives examples of calculating concentration using these different units of measurement. The document also defines parts per million (ppm) and parts per billion (ppb) as units for very low concentrations and provides examples of calculating ppm and ppb.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 16

    Concentration of Solution

    溶液的浓度
    Learning Objective
    • Concentration of solution
    • Prepare 制备 solutions in lab
    • Calculation
    Concentration of Solution

    • A solution is a homogeneous mixture of one substance (the s


    olute) dissolved in another substance (the solvent).
    • Concentration is a ratio 比例 of the amount of solute to the
    amount of solution.
    • Solution = Solute + Solvent
    Concentration
    of Solution
    The amount of solute in a given
    amount of solvent.

    Solvent
    Solute
    Preparing Solutions from Pure Solids
    Concentration of Solution
    • Percent volume 体积百分数
    % volume = volume solute (ml) x 100
    volume solution (ml)

    • Percent mass 质量百分数


    % mass = mass solute (g) x 100
    mass solution (g)

    Solution = solvent + solute


    Mass and volume units must match 匹配 .
    (g & mL) or (kg & L)
    Concentration of Solution
    Example 1:
    What is the percent by volume concentration of a
    solution in which 75.0 ml of ethanol is diluted to a
    volume of 250.0 ml?

    75.0 ml x 100 = 30.0%


    250.0 ml
    Concentration of Solution
    Example 2:
    What volume of acetic acid is present in a bottle containing
    350.0 ml of a solution which measures 5.00%
    concentration?

    x = 0.05
    350.0 ml

    x = 17.5 ml
    Concentration of Solution
    Example 3:
    Find the percent by mass in which 41.0 g of NaCl is
    dissolved in 331 grams of water.

    41 g x 100 = 11.0%
    372 g
    Concentration of Solution
    mass solute
    • % (w/w) = mass solution x 100

    volume solute
    • % (v/v) = x 100
    volume solution

    mass solute
    • % (w/v) = volume solution x 100

    Mass and volume units must match.


    (g & mL) or (kg & L)
    Concentration of Solution
    Example Problem 1 (Solid in a Liquid)

    What is the concentration in %w/v of a solution containing 39.2 g of potassium nitrate in


    177 mL of solution?

    mass solute 39.2 g


    % (w/v) =  100  100 = 22.1 % w/v
    volume solution 177mL

    Example Problem 2 (Liquid in a Liquid)

    What is the concentration in %v/v of a solution containing 3.2 L of ethanol in 6.5 L of


    solution?

    volume solute 3.2 L


    % (v/v) =  100  100 = 49 % v/v
    volume solution 6.5 L
    Concentration of Solution
    Example Problem 3
    What volume of 1.85 %w/v solution is needed to
    provide 5.7 g of solute?

    1.85 g solute
    % (w/v) =
    100 mL solution
    We know: We want to get:
    g solute
    g solute and mL solution
    mL solution

     100 mL solution 
    5.7 g solute   = 310 mL Solution
     1.85 g solute 
    g solute ÷ concentration = volume solution
    More practice
    1. What is the % W/W of copper in an alloy when 10 g of Cu is mixed wit
    h 250 g of Zn?
    10 g / 260 g = 3.8 %
    2. What is approximate % V/V if 30 mL of pure ethanol is added to 250 m
    L of water?
    30 mL / 280 mL = 11% V/V (in reality may be off)
    3. What is the % W/W if 8.0 g copper is added to enough zinc to produce
    100 g of an alloy?
    8.0 g / 100 g = 8% W/W
    Parts per Million/Billion (ppm & ppb)
    mass solute mg
    • ppm = × 106
    ╳ or = ppm
    volume solution L

    mass solute or g
    • ppb = × 10
    ╳
    9 = ppb
    volume solution L

    AND
    Mass and volume units must match. For very low
    (g & mL) or (kg & L) concentrations:

    ng
    parts per trillion = ppt
    L
    ppm & ppb
    Example Problem 1
    An Olympic sized swimming pool
    contains 2,500,000 L of water. If 1 tsp of
    salt (NaCl) is dissolved in the pool, what
    is the concentration in ppm?
    1 teaspoon = 6.75 g NaCl
    or
    g solute mg solute
    ppm = x106
    ×10 ppm = x106
    mL solution L solution

    6.75 g 66 6.75 g  1000


    1 g 
    1kgmg

    ppm = ×10
    x10 ppm = 1000g
    x106
    x10 L  1 L 
    2.5×10 6 1000 mL
    2.5×10 6
    x10 L
    ppm = 0.0027 ppm = 0.0027
    ppm & ppb
    Example Problem 2
    An Olympic sized swimming pool
    contains 2,500,000 L of water. If 1 tsp of
    salt (NaCl) is dissolved in the pool, what
    is the concentration in ppb?
    1 teaspoon = 6.75 g NaCl

    g solute 9
    ppb = ×10
    x10
    mL solution

    6.75 g 9
    ppb = ×10
    x10
    x10 L  1 L 
    2.5×10 6 1000 mL

    ppb = 2.7

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