Oocupational Health and Safety
Oocupational Health and Safety
….
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
Mrs Gayathri R
2nd year MSc Nursing
UCON Kollam
INTRODUCTION
Occupational health is an important branch in community health.
Previously it was thought that its entirely related to factories and mines.
Hence the term “industrial health” and “industrial hygiene” were
common. Now the concept was changed according to concept in the
society/community. Modern concept of “occupational health” now
embraces all types of employment including mercantile and commercial
enterprises, service traders, forestry, agricultural and various other
sectors.
DEFINITION
• Light
• Noise
• Vibration
• Ultraviolet radiation
• Ionizing radiation
Heat
Direct effect Indirect effect
• Burns
• Decreased
• Heat exhaustion efficiency,
• Heat stroke • Increased fatigue
• Heat cramps • Enhanced accident rates.
Cold
• Chilblains
• Erythrocyanosis
• Immersion foot
• General hypothermia
Light
•The acute effects of poor illumination are
• Eye strain,
• Headache,
• Eye pain,
• Lacrymation,
• Congestion around the cornea
• Eye fatigue.
• The chronic effects on health include "miner's nystagmus"
Noise
•(i) Auditory effects
Decreased efficiency
Annoyance
Vibration
• Conjunctivitis
• Malformation
• Cancer
• Leukaemia
• Depilation
• Ulceration
• Sterility
Ionizing radiation
•Dermatitis
• Eczema
• Ulcers
• Dusts
• Gases
• Dusts are finely divided solid particles with size ranging from
• 0.1 to 150 microns
• Dust particles larger than 10 microns settle down from the air
rapidly,
• Indefinitely Particles smaller than 5 microns are directly inhaled
into the lungs and are retained there and is mainly responsible for
pneumoconiosis.
Classification of dusts
• Accidents
• Injury
PSYCHOSOCIAL HAZARDS
• Frustration
• Insecurity
• Emotional tension
PSYCHOLOGICAL HAZARDS
• Cold
• Light
• Pressure
• Noise
• Radiation
• Mechanical factors
• Electricity
DISEASE DUE TO CHEMICAL AGENT
• Gases
• Dusts (pneumoconiosis)
Inorganic dust: coal dust; silica; asbestos; iron
Organic(vegetable dust): cane fiber; cotton dust; tobacco;
hay or grain dust
• Metals and their compounds: lead ,mercury, cadmium,
manganese, beryllium, arsenic,chromium.
• Chemicals: acids, alkalies, pesticides
• Solvents: carbon bisulphide, chloroform , benzene
•III. DISEASE DUE TO BIOLOGICAL AGENT
• Brucellosis, leptospirosis, anthrax, tetanus, encephalities, fungal
infection.
•IV. OCCUPATIONAL CANCER
• Cancer of the skin, lungs, bladder
•V. OCCUPATIONAL DERMATOSIS
• Dermatitis, eczema
•VI. DISEASE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ORIGIN
• Industrial neurosis, hypertension, peptic ulcer.
Pneumoconiosis
• Dust control
• Personal protection
• Medical control
• Bagasse control
Asbestosis
• Asbestos is of two types- serpentine or chrysolite
variety and amphibole type.
• Clubbing of fingers,
grain dust.
Lead poisoning
•MODE OF ABSORPTION
(1) INHALATION.
(2) INGESTION.
(3) SKIN
Clinical features
•The toxic effects of inorganic exposure
•foot drop.
• The toxic effects of organic lead compounds are mostly on
the central nervous system
• Insomnia
• Headache
• Mental confusion
• Delirium.
Diagnosis
(1)HISTORY
(2)CLINICAL FEATURES
(3)LABORATORY TESTS:
• Licensing of establishments,
(1)Pre-selection
(2)Protection
(3)Personal hygiene
(4)Periodic inspection
Radiation hazards
• Shielding of workers
• Protective clothing
• Adequate ventilation
• Communicable disease
• Food sanitation
• Mental health
exceeds 250
balanced diet.
Communicable disease control
• Adequate immunization against communicable diseases
Environmental sanitation
• Water supply
•Installation of drinking water fountains
• Food
• Sanitary preparation, storage and handling
of food
•Education of food handlers
•Protection against hazards
• Toilet
• Sufficient space
• Housing
Mental health
•Good housekeeping
•General ventilation
•Mechanization
•Substitution
•Dust-enclosure and isolation
•Protection device
•Environmental monitoring
• Physical hazards
• Chemical hazards
• Biological hazards
• Psychological hazards
• Patient safety
ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
NURSE
• CLINICIAN
• Primary prevention
• Emergency care
• Treatment services
• Nursing diagnosis
• Individual & group care plan
• General health advise & assessment
SPECIALIST
• Rehabilitation
• Hazard identification
• Risk assessment
• HEALTH EDUCATOR
• COUNSELLOR
• RESEARCHER
SCOPE
• Writing policies and procedures
• Assessing risks
• Investigating accidents
• Advising managers and directors
• Consulting with employees
• Training
• Managing Contractors
• Liaising with third parties including auditors, regulators and
insurers
• Environmental Management
• Quality Management
• Security
• Training
• Food Safety
• Transport
• Communicate effectively
• Prioritise
• Delegate
• Professional independence
JOURNAL ABSTRACT
• OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN INDUSTRIES IN
DEVELOPING WORLD