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Bonding
Bonding
atom
electron shells
a) Atomic number = number of
Electrons
1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
H He:
Li Be
B
C
N
O : F :Ne :
Na Mg
Al
Si
P S
:Cl :Ar :
Learning Check
A. X would be the electron dot formula for
1) Na 2) K 3) Al
B. X would be the electron dot formula for
1) B 2) C 3) P
CHEMICAL BONDS:
- an attempt to fill electron shells
1. Ionic bonds
2. Covalent bonds
3. Metallic bonds
IONIC BOND
bond formed between
two ions by the
transfer of electrons
Formation of Ions from
Metals
Ionic compounds result when metals react with
nonmetals
Metals lose electrons to match the number of valence
electrons of their nearest noble gas
Positive ions form when the number of electrons are
less than the number of protons
Group 1 metals ion 1+
Group 2 metals ion 2+
• Group 13 metals ion 3+
Some Typical Ions with Positive
Charges (Cations)
2 2
1 1
P +1 P+1
Covalent bond
when two atoms share a pair
of electrons.
P+1 P+1
H2
Covalent Bond
The sharing of a pair of electrons
between 2 atoms.
Li2
Bonds in all the
polyatomic ions
and diatomics are
all covalent bonds.
Covalent Bond
The sharing of a pair of electron
in a diatomic molecule .
Cl2
a. NONPOLAR
COVALENT BONDS
when electrons are shared
equally
H2 or Cl2
2. Covalent bonds- Two atoms share one or more
pairs of outer-shell electrons.
H 2O
Polar Covalent Bonds: Unevenly
matched, but willing to share.
- water is a polar molecule because oxygen is more
electronegative than hydrogen, and therefore
electrons are pulled closer to oxygen.
Common chemicals
H2O2
I2
Chemicals with Ionic
and Covalent Bonds
NaOH
NaClO
METALLIC BOND
bond found in
metals; holds metal
atoms together
very strongly.
Metallic Bond the sharing of valence
electrons by neighboring metal atoms.
Metallic Bond
• Formed between atoms of
metallic elements
• Electron cloud around atoms
• Good conductors at all states,
lustrous, very high melting
points
• Examples; Na, Fe, Al, Au, Co
Metallic Bonds: “Mellow dogs with plenty of
bones to go around.”
Ionic Bond, A Sea of Electrons
Metals Form Alloys
•Metals don’t chemically combine with
metals.