Lesson 9 Transcendental Functions

TRANSCENDENTAL
FUNCTIONS
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students are
expected to:
• use the Log Rule for Integration to integrate a
rational functions.
• integrate exponential functions.
• integrate trigonometric functions.
• integrate functions of the nth power of the
different trigonometric functions.
• use Walli’s Formula to shorten the solution in
finding the antiderivative of powers of sine
and cosine.
• integrate functions whose antiderivatives
involve inverse trigonometric functions.
• use the method of completing the square to
integrate a function.
• review the basic integration rules involving
elementary functions.
• integrate hyperbolic functions.
• integrate functions involving inverse
hyperbolic functions.
LOG RULE FOR INTEGRATION
•Let u be a differentiable function of x.
or the above formula can also be written as
To apply this rule, look for quotients in which

the numerator is the derivative of the
denominator.
•• EXAMPLE
• Find the indefinite integral.
1. 5.
2. 6.
INTEGRATION OF EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTIONS
•
Let u be a differentiable function of x.
+c
EXAMPLE
1. 6.
BASIC TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
INTEGRATION FORMULAS
•• = +c
• =-+c
• = +c
• =-
• = +c
• =-+c
• = ln+ c or - ln + c
• = ln+ c
• = ln ( + ) + c
• = -ln ( + ) + c

• In all these formulas, u is an angle. In dealing
with integrals involving trigonometric
functions, transformations using the
trigonometric identities are almost always
necessary to reduce the integral to one or
more of the standard forms.
EXAMPLE
•Find
the indefinite integral.
1.
2. 7.
3.
4.
5.
6.
TRANSFORMATION OF
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
•If we
are given the product of an integral power
of and an integral power of where in the
powers may be equal or unequal, both even,
both odd, or one is even the other odd, we use
the trigonometric identities and express the
given integrand as a power of a trigonometric
function times the derivative of that function or
as the sum of powers of a function times the
derivative of the function
• We shall now see how to perform the details
under specified conditions.
POWERS OF SINE AND COSINE
• CASE 1.
Transformations:
a) If n is odd and m is even,
b) If m isoddand n is even,
c) If n and m are both odd,
transform the lesser power. If n and m are same
degree either can be transformed
•CASE
II.
where m and n are positive even integers.
When both m and n are even, the method of
type 1 fails. In this case, the identities,
will be used.
EXAMPLE
• Evaluate the following integrals:
1. 2.
3 4.
5.
7.
9. 10.
PRODUCT OF SINE AND COSINE
• Integration of the products ,
, where a and b are constants is carried out by
using the formulas:

-
+
EXAMPLE
• Perform the indicated integrations:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
WALLIS’ FORMULA
•
=
where in m and n are integers ,
= 1 , if either one or both are odd,
and that the lower and upper limits are 0 and
respectively.
EXAMPLE
• Evaluate by Wallis’ Formula.
POWERS OF TANGENT AND SECANT
•I. or
(COTANGENT AND COSECANT)
where n is a positive integer.
When n=1
= - ln + c
=ln sin + c
When nwe set equal to
replace by
(. Thus we get powers of tan and by power formula,
we can evaluate the integral.
•II. where m and n are positive integers.
• When m is even, we let , and express We will
then obtain products of powers of The integral
could be integrated by means of power formula.
• If
n is odd, we express Then we transform into
power of secusing the identity
• If m is odd and n is even this can be evaluated
using integration by parts
EXAMPLE
INTEGRALS INVOLVING INVERSE
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
• Let
u be a differentiable function of x, and let
a.
EXAMPLE
• Find or evaluate the integral.
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
•
• Definitions of the Hyperbolic Function
c
• HYPERBOLIC IDENTITIES
cosh2u =
tanh(x + y) =
INTEGRALS OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
• u be a differentiable function of x.
Let
1. 2.
3.
4.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
• Function Domain
INTEGRATION INVOLVING INVERSE
HYPERBOLIC FUNCTION
• Let u be a differentiable function of x.
EXAMPLE

Lesson 9 Transcendental Functions

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TRANSCENDENTAL

or the above formula can also be written as

To apply this rule, look for quotients in which

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