Stress
Stress
T. N. GOPINATH
The objective of pipe stress analysis is to ensure
safety against failure of the Piping System by verifying the
structural integrity against the loading conditions, both
external and internal, expected to occur during the lifetime
of the system in the plant. This is to be undertaken with the
most economic considerations.
1.1 Objectives of stress Analysis are to:
i) Analytical
ii) Model test
iii) Chart method
Blower fig.
700
55304
BLOWER
The Piping Specification nominates the code to be
used for various aspects in the Piping System.
L = . T. L …. (1)
L = . L …. (2)
The strain developed in the pipe, , is then calculated
as = L / L=
where,
CYCLE
TIME
E L A S T IC
L IM IT E D
S TR E S S
S T R A IN
24000 psi
C'
b2 b'
b1
b
b3 Expansion
6000 psi
a
Stress
2Sy
Sy
-Sy
-2Sy
TIME ELASTIC SHAKEDOWN (RELAXATION)
Fig. 2.9
2.4 Allowable Stresses
• Wind load
• Seismic load
• Relief valve forces
• Fluid hammer
• Settlement
• Equipment vibration
• Weight of attachments
• Weight of contents
All these factors contribute to two distinct
forms of stresses.
Compressive SY
Tensile SY
2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Each Top Nozzle
FX 160 240 320 560 850 1200 1500 1600 1900
FY 200 300 400 700 1100 1500 1800 2000 2300
FZ 130 200 260 460 700 1000 1200 1300 1500
FR 290 430 570 1010 1560 2200 2600 2900 3300
Each Side Nozzle
FX 160 240 320 560 850 1200 1500 1600 1900
FY 130 200 260 460 700 1000 1200 1300 1500
FZ 200 300 400 700 1100 1500 1800 2000 2300
FR 290 430 570 1010 1560 2200 2600 2900 3300
Each End Nozzle
FX 200 300 400 700 1100 1500 1800 2000 2300
FY 130 200 260 460 700 1000 1200 1300 1500
FZ 160 240 320 560 850 1200 1500 1600 1900
FR 290 430 570 1010 1560 2200 2600 2900 3300
Each Nozzle
MX 340 700 980 1700 2600 3700 4500 4700 5400
MY 260 530 740 1300 1900 2800 3400 3500 4000
MZ 170 350 500 870 1300 1800 2200 2300 2700
MR 460 950 1330 2310 3500 5000 6100 6300 7200
462Dc Mc
Fc
2
F c = Combined resultant of inlet side and
discharge forces in pounds.
M c = Combined resultant of inlet side and
discharge moments resulting from
forces in ft lbs.
D c = Diameter (in inches) of a circular
opening equal to the total area of
inlet side and discharge opening upto
a value of nine (9) inches
in diameter. For values beyond this use
value of
(18 + Equivalent Diameter)
D c = inches
3
The components of these resultants shall not exceed
Fy = 231 Dc My = 231 Dc
Fz = 185 Dc Mz = 231 Dc
Fx = 92.5 Dc Mx = 462 Dc
where,
Fy = Vertical component of Fc
Fz = Horizontal components of Fc
at right angles to compressor shaft
Fx = Horizontal component of Fc
Parallel to compressor shaft
Mx = Component of Mc in a vertical plane at
right angles to compressor shaft
My = Component of Mc in a horizontal plane
Mz = Component of Mc in a vertical
3. For installation of compressors with vertical
connections with unrestrained expansion joints, an
additional amount of force caused by pressure loading
is allowed. (The additional force referred to is
perpendicular to the face of the flange and is deemed to
act at its center). For this type of application, calculate
the vertical force component of the vertical connection
excluding pressure loading. Compare with value of 1/5
of the pressure loading. Use the larger of these two
vertical force components on connections in making
calculations outlined in (1) and (2).The force caused by
the pressure loading on the vertical connection is
allowed in addition to the values established in the
above up to a maximum value of vertical force (in
pounds) on the connection (including pressure loading)
of 15½ times the connection area in square inches.
4. These values of allowable forces and moments
pertain to the compressor structure only.
2 8 "X 2 0 "
1 6 0 6
1 5 1 6
ECC RED
M F.E L .1 3 7 7 7
1 0 2 9
1 7 7 1
2 7 8 0
6 1 5 0
4 5 4 9
0 .1 4 1
0 .0 3 7
1 2 6 4
2 2 5 0
1 6 2 6
3 2 5 0
1 6 0 6
D E S IG N C O N D I T I O N S
S U C T I O N P IP I N G : D E S I G N P R E S S U R E 0 K G / C M 2 G , D E S IG N T E M P : 3 5 0 C
1 .O C : A S T M A 1 0 6 G .B , T H K : S C H : S T D
D IS C H P IP I N G : D E S IG N P R E S S U R E 2 3 . C K G / C M 2 G , D E S IG N T E M P : 5 5 O C
M O C : A S T M A IO 6 - B , T H K : S C H : S T D ( 0 . 3 7 5 ")
N O T E : 1 . N O C O L D S P R IN G S H A L L B E A P P L I E D
2 . F R IC T IO N E F F E C T A T S U P P O R T T O B E I G N O R E D
¢ v- x
3 . IN S T A L L A T I O N T E M P - 3 0 0 C
ALLOWABLE FORCES AND MOMENTS ON
COMPRESSOR
DESIGN CONDITION
Installation Temperature : 300C
Suction Temperature : 350C
Discharge Temperature : 550C
Inlet Piping
Fx = -11 kg
Fy = 266 kg
Fz = 52 kg
Mx = 292 kg.m
My = 104 kg.m
Mz = 94 kg.m
+Fy
+My
+Mx
Fr Fx 2 Fy 2 Fz 2
( 34 ) 2 274 2 133 2 306 .47 kg 674 Ibs.
C O M P R E S S O R D IS C H A R G E
D E T A IL S
D 1 6 2 6
S S U C T IO N
4 3 2
2 7 4 K G
1626
D S 2 6 6 K G
S (5 9 1 ,-1 6 2 6 ,-4 3 2 )
+ Y
+ X
+ Z
Force at the inlet connection are to be transferred along
with moments to discharge side to analyze for resultant
forces and moments. But the transfer of forced will give
additional transfer moments which are added to the total
to give resultant moments.
Moment vector at any point is given by the cross
product of the distance vector with force vector
ie. Mr = D x F
Here D = 0.591 i - 1.626 j - 0.432 k
F = -11 i - 266 j + 52 k
= i j k
0.591 -1.626 -0.432
-11 +266 +52
= 30.36 i + 25.98 j + 139.32 k
Hence,
MTX = 30.36 KG.M
MTY = 25.98 KG.M
MTZ = 139.32 KG.M
45 2 540 2
185 2
572 . 58 KG
1260 Ibs
Mc Mx 2
My 2
Mz 2
3
The components of these resultants should not
exceed :
Fx = 50 Dc Mx = 250 Dc
Fy = 125Dc My = 125 Dc
Fz = 100 Dc Mz = 125 Dc
The components are as follows :
Fx = Horizontal components of Fc parallel to the
turbine shaft.
Fy = Vertical component of Fc
Fz = Horizontal component of Fc at right angles
to the turbine shaft.
Mx = Component of Mc around the horizontal
axis parallel to the turbine shaft
My = Component of Mc around the vertical axis
Mz = Component of Mc around the horizontal
axis at right angles to the turbine shaft.
3. For installation of turbines with a vertical exhaust and an
unrestrained expansion joint at the exhaust, an additional
amount of force caused by pressure loading is allowed. (This
additional force is perpendicular to the face of the exhaust
flange and is deemed to act at its centre), For this type of
application, calculate the vertical force component on the
exhaust connection excluding pressure loading. Compare this
with one sixth of the pressure loading on the exhaust.
Use the larger of these two numbers for
vertical force component on the exhaust connection in
making calculations outlined in 1 and The force caused
by the pressure loading on the exhaust is allowed in
addition to the values established by the foregoing up to
a maximum value of vertical force in pounds on the
exhaust connection (including pressure loading) of 15 ½
times the exhaust area in square inches.
NB In Fx Fy Fz Mx My Mz
Nozzle Axial force Shear force each Bending moment each Twisting moment
size NB direction direction
inch lbs Lbs. lbs. ft-lbs
1. NORMAL OPERATION
2. STEAM OUT
3. START-UP
4. CRASH SHUT-DOWN
5. ANY OTHER NEAR GOVERNING
CONDITIONS
4.0 Data required for flexibility calculations
The following data will be required for the
flexibility calculations if it is carried out manually or
by the use of software. It is therefore prudent to have
this ready before starting.
The direction of coordinates are fixed as below:
1. Code of Practice
2. Basic Material of Construction of Pipe
3. Ambient / Installation temperature
4. Number of Thermal Cases
5. Flexibility Temperature (See Note)
6. Design Pressure
7. Outside diameter of Pipe
8. Type of construction of pipe
9. Nominal Thickness of Pipe
10. Manufacturing tolerance
11. Corrosion allowance
12. Pipe Weight
13. Insulation Weight
14. Specific Gravity of Contents
15. Young’s Modulus at Ambient/Installation Temperature
16. Young’s Modulus at Flexibility Temperature
17. Thermal Expansion at Flexibility Temperature
18. Allowable stress at Ambient/ Installation temperature
19. Allowable stress at flexibility temperature
20. Bend radius and type of bend
21. Branch connection type
22. Weight of attachments - Valves and Specialties
23. Terminal movements with directions
CRITERIA
where,
D = The outside diameter of pipe in inch (or mm)
Y = Resultant of total displacement strains in inch
(or mm) to be absorbed by the Piping system.
L = Developed length between the anchors in ft.or (m)
U = Anchor distance, straight line between anchors in
ft. or(m)
K1= 0.03 for USCS units.
= 208.3 for SI units.
For example, consider the following pipe routing
2
2 2
U= x +y +z
35 2 30 2 45 2 64.42'
Step 3
To calculate resultant total displacement Y
From Appendix C, ASME B 31.3
Linear Expansion between 70F and 400F.
e 2.7" / 100 ft.
2.7 35
Δx 0.945"
100
2.7 30
Δy 0.810"
100
2.7 45
Δz 1.215"
100
Y Δx 2
Δy 2
Δz 2
0.945 2
0.810 2
1.215 2
1.739"
Step 4
DY
K
L U 2
6.625 1.739
110 64.42 2
0.0055
0.03
since K < K 1 the configurat ion is safe
Please note that no general proof can be offered that
this equation will yield accurate and conservative
results. It is not applicable to systems used under
severe cyclic conditions. There is no assurance that
the terminal reactions will be acceptably low, even if
the system satisfies the above equation.
As per Elastic Theory,
If L is length of BC in ft. ( l = 12 L)
144 PL 3
δ=
EI
Hence,
EI δ
P above
144 L 3
Maximum bending moment at B or C P L/2
M ft. lbs.
M Y 12
Maximum bending stress f lbs/ in 2
I
OD of pipe
Y
2
12 M Y
f
I
PL D
12
I 2 2
EI δ
Substituti ng P
144 L 3
12 EI δ L D
f
I 144 L 3 2 2
DE δ
i.e. f
48 L 2
DE δ
L
48 f
e.g. :- In the previous layout if we restrict the stress at
16,000 psi and consider modulus of elasticity of carbon
steel as 29.5 x 106 psi and assume the pipe size as 6" NB
(6.625" OD)
M PI / 2 12 EI / l 2
3
F M / Z 6 EI / l 2 Z
R I/Z
Z I/R
Solving for f(S E ) 6 ER / l
2
Min. h 0.0025D LT ft
2
Min L = 400(h) 2
ft.
DT
o
Where ;
Do = Outside diameter in inch. (to nearest ½”)
T = Temp. difference °F
(Design Temp. – Instln. Temp.)
Check previous Layout
L 50 '
T 350 70 280
h 0 .0025 x 7 x 50 x 280
15 . 7 '
5.3 Piping Elements - Their Individual Effects
Fig. 5.8
If the same pipe is subjected to a constant twisting
moment, the rotation of one end relative to the other
end is given by :
TL
θ
GJ
where,
θ = Angleof twist,radians
T = Torsionmoment,in - lbs(mm- N)
L = Length,inches(mm)
G = Modulusof rigidity,lbs/in2(KPa)
J = Polarmomentof inertia,in4( mm4)
It can be shown that for metals
G = E / 2.6 and
J = 2 x I for circular cross section
Hence, TxL TL
= = 1.3
E / 2.6 x 2I EI
This shows that flexibility can be provided in a layout
by permitting leg to bend or twist. This alone is a rare
means of obtaining flexibility. But influences the
engineer to select alternate route. Also it should be
ensured that this does not add unacceptable forces
and moments.
b
a c
a c
1
b 1
c
b c
a d
ML
=
EI
Fig. 5.10
Fig. 5.11
Fig. 5.12
Fig. 5.14 – Circumferential Stress in Pipe wall
Fig. 5.15
Using this parameter code indicates that
The flexibility factor = k = 1.65/h
Inplane S.I.F.= ii = 0.9/h2/3
Outplane S.I.F.= Io= 0.75/h2/3
Flexibility Characteristic h = TR1 / (r2)2
T=Wall thickness, inches (mm)
R1=Mean Radius of bend, inches (mm)
r2=Mean radius of pipe wall, inches (mm)
When any problem is analyzed, the following
considerations are made:
0.9
1+cot
Single mitre 1.52 0.9
bend 5/6 2/3 2/3 2 r2
Extruded
Welding Tee
0.9
2/3
3/4 i.o + 1/4 (1 + rx
r22 ) rT
Welding in 0.9 3/4 i.o + 1/4 4.4 T
contour insert 2/3 r2
where,
s = mitre spacing at centerline, inches (mm)
one half of angle between cuts
r2 = mean radius of pipe, inches (mm)
5.3.3 Tees
h c(Te Re/ r2 2 )
where,
c = ratio of tee to pipe section modulii.
= (Te/T)3/2 as recommended by ARC Markyl.
Te = Equivalent pipe wall thickness inches (mm)
= 1.60T as recommended by ARC Markyl
h ( Te / T )
3/2 2
( Te 1 . 35 r / r 2 )
h 4 .4 T / r2
5.3.4 FLANGES
S I F for Flanges:
Weld neck flange 1.0
Slip-on flange 1.2
Socket weld flange 1.3
Lap joint flange 1.6
Threaded flange 2.3
The flange when attached to the bend exerts a severe
restraint to the flattening of the cross section due to
its heavy construction. Hence attachment of the
flange to an elbow or a mitre bend reduces the
flexibility as well as the stress intensification factor.
Flange at both ends of the elbow reduces these
factors further.
ASME B 31.3 indicates these correction (reduction)
factor as:
C1 = h1/6 for one end flanged
Divide ‘i’ by
P r2 R 1
5/2 2/3
1 3.25
E T r2
Where;
6.1.1 STRESS DUE TO SUSTAINED LOADS
P Do 1000(0.75 i) MA
SL = + Sh in SI units
4 tn Z
Where;
SL = Sum of the longitudinal stresses due to
pressure, weight and other sustained loads,
psi (KPa)
i = Stress intensification factor
(ref. Appendix D-1)
The product 0.75i shall never be taken as less than 1.
MA= resultant moment due to weight and
sustained loads, in-lb (mm – N)
M M M
2 2 2
= x y z
Z = Section Modulus, in3 (mm3)
tn = Nominal Thickness, in (mm)
Sh = Basic allowable stress at the operating temp.,
psi (KPa)
6.1.2 THERMAL EXPANSION STRESS RANGE
i Mc
SE = SA + f (Sh –SL) In USCS units
Z
1000 i Mc
SE = SA + f (Sh –SL) In SI units
Z
Where,
= M x
2
M y
2
M z
2
Sb
Z
where
ii in planeSIF
io out planeSIF
Mi in planeBendingMoment
Mo out planeBendingMoment
ZSectionModulusofPipe
Fig. 6.1 – Moments in
Bends
For Header,
i i M i 2 i 0 M 0 2 in USCS units
Sb
Z
Z
For Branch,
i i M i 2 i 0 M 0 2
Sb
Ze
where
S b Resultant bending stress
Z e effective section modulus of branch
2
= π r2 Ts
r2 mean branch cross - sectional radius
Ts effective branch wal l thicnkess ,
lesser of T h and (i i )( T b)
T h Thickness of pipe matching run of tee
or header exclusive of renforceme nt
T b Thickness of pipe matching branch
For branch connection, the resultant bending stress
needs special care as section modulus Z of header and
branch is different.
6.2.2 STRESS DUE TO OCCASIONAL
LOADS
E
R m R 1 2 c m
3 Ea
R m = Estimated instantaneous maximum
reaction force or moment at maximum
or minimum metal temperature.
R = Range of reaction force or moments
derived from flexibility analysis
corresponding to the full displacement
stress range and based on E a .
E a = Modulus of elasticity at installation
temprature
E m = Modulus of elasticity at design temperature
c = Cold spring factor from zero for no
cold spring to 1.0 for 100% cold spring
The factor 2/3 is based on experience, which shows that specified
cold spring cannot be fully assured even with elaborate precautions.
The value of reaction forces or moments at the
temperature at which the piping is assembled is
given by :
R a
= CR or C 1 R, whichever is greater
ShE
C 1 1 a
SE E m
R a
= Estimated instantaneous reaction
or moments at the installation
temperature
S E
= Computed displacement stress range
S h = Maximum allowable stress
at design temperature
By referring to chart,
we get : Kx = 1.60 Ky = 0.09 Kz = 0.57
F = KC I/L 32 lbs
M = KC I/L ft/lbs
where C is the expansion factor calculated from the
expression
Expansion in inches/100 ' Ec
C
1728 100
Torsional Stress K t C D
L 3
510 4.5
4.35
5
1997 lbs. / sq. inch
Expansion Stress Range SE Sb2 4St2
(3952)2 (1997)2
5619lbs/in 2
Reaction Fx K x C Ip / L32
1.6 510 13.3
5 5
434lbs.
Reaction Fy K y C Ip / L32
0.09 510 13.3
5 5
24lbs.
Reaction Fz K z C I p / L 2
3
0.57 51013.3
5 5
155lbs.
I
Moment M xy K xy C p
L 3
1.4 510 13.3
5
1899 ft . lbs .
I
Moment M xz K xz C p
L 3
1.5 510 13.3
5
2035 ft. lbs.
I
Moment M yz K yz C p
L 3
0.4 510 13.3
5
543 ft. lbs.
For example;
Operatin = 450 F
g Temp.
From table
Effective Elbow Diameter Dr = 8.78 inch From Chart, shape fs = 1.66
factor
f E x
e c L
10 .08 10
9 .03 9
8 8
.10
7 .04 7
6 .05 6
.12
5 .06 5
.07
4 .14 .08 4
.16 .10
3 3
.12
.20 .14
2 .16 2
.20
1 .3 1
9 9
8 8
7 .4 7
6 6
.5
5 5
.6
4 4
.7
3 .8 3
1.0
2 1.2 2
1.4
1.6
H/U= 2.0
1 1
.01 .015 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09 .10 .15 .20 .30 .40 .50
H W W H
RATIO W/U OF LOOP WIDTH ANCHOR DISTANCE (NARROW LOOPS)
U U
Z - BENDS L - BEND H
1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10
100
100 .03
.03
60 60
.035
.035 70
70
.04 60
60 .04
.045 50
50 .045
.05
.05 40
40
.055
.055
.06
.06 30
30
.07 .07
.08 .08 20
20
.09 .09
.10 .10
.11 .11
.12 .12 10
10
.14 .14 8
8
7
7 .16 .16
6
6
.18
.18 5
5
.20 .20
4
4 .225
.225
.25
.25 3
3
.30
.30
.35 2
2 .35
.40
.40
.45
.5 .45
.5
.6 1.0
1.0
.7
.6
.8 .8
.8 1.0
.7 .7
.7 .8
.8 .6
.6
1.0
1.0 .5
.5
.4
.4
1.25
.3
.3 1.0
EFFECTIVE LINE LENGTH 1.5
1.25
L=H+h+w + 2L, for Z and U-Bends 2
=H+w+L, for L-Bends 1.5 .2
.2
2.5 2
4
.1
.1
1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10
RATIO h/H OF SHORTER TO LONGER OF Z-BENDS RATIO h/H OF SHORTER TO LONGER OF U-BENDS
60 80 30
30 50
60
40
H 20
20 50
30
25 40
20 H/w=100
30
10
10 15 25 80
60 8
8 12.5 20 50
40 7
7 10 30
10 15
20 6
6 15
8 5
5 12.5
4
4 6 10
5 3
8
3
4
H/w=100
3 5 2
2 60
40
2.5 4 30
25
2 20
15
3 12.5
1.5 10
2.5 8 1.0
1.0 1.25 6
1 2 5
.8 4 .8
.8 .7
1.0 3
.7 1.5 2.5 .7
.8 2
1.5 .8 .6
.6 1.0 1.25 1.25
.5
.5 1.0
.4
.4
1.25
.3
.3
EFFECTIVE LINE LENGTH 1.5
L=H+h+w + 2L, for Z and U-Bends
=H+w+L, for L-Bends 2
1.5 .2
.2
2.5 2
4
.1
.1 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10
RATIO h/H OF SHORTER TO LONGER OF Z-BENDS RATIO h/H OF SHORTER TO LONGER OF U-BENDS
P IP E
40N B 1 IT E M S IZ E Q T Y. REMARK
R E D U C E R G AS KE T R E D U C - E LB O W
2 0N B x2000L 3
4 5 /9 0
P I P IE
2 0 0 N B x6 0 0 L 1
1 50 x40 1 2 0 0 N B x1 8 0 0 L 1
F LAN G E
2 00N B 1
H -4 4 0 1
T IN G
ELBOW
1
90
150NB
80N B 3 2 0 0 N B x5 0 N B 1 PT101 SPEC
IN S T R U M E N T
CL
E C C /C C N C
TEE
200N B 10 P T F E E N V E L O P E D W IT H S T E E L
GASKET
IN S E R T
80x40 1 M 20x100 80
S TUD
B O LT
40N B 2
E Q /R E D
V A LV E 25 1 BF31TL
TEE
L IN E N O . P A 2 4 - 5 6 2 3 - G L 3 0 1 - 1 0 0 - I H 3
80 1 8F31TL IT E M S IZ E Q T Y. REMARK
VA LVE
40 3 8F31TL 1 50 x10 0 1 CO NC
C O N C /E C C
REDUCER
X -4 4 0 1
40 1 S 0 3 1 T L ( S F I)
S P E C IA L
M 20x100 8 M /C B O LT S
CL
150NB 1
GASKET
M 1 6 x90 12
S TU D /
M /C B O L T S 100NB 1
B O LT
M 1 2 x70 48 M /C B O L T S
280
M I2 x 7 0 4 S TU D
105
M 20x100 1 M /C B O LT S
N O T E : F L A N G E D R IL L I N G A S P E R
STUD
M 16x90 1 M /C B O LT S
B O LT
165
D IN 2 6 7 3 P
16
32
L I N E N O . P A 2 4 - 5 6 1 1 - G L 3 0 1 ( J ) - 8 0 - IH 2
IT E M S IZ E Q T Y. REMARK
V A LV E 30 1 8F 31TL
1800
500
40 1 8F 31TL
40NB 1 90 E LL
ELBOW
4 5 /9 0
30
8 0x4 0 1
40NB 2
E Q /R E D
105
TEE
80NB 4
G AS KET 40NB 6
1 SG 31TL
T-4 4 0 4
80
S P E C IA L
M 16x90 M /C B O LT S
STUD
B O LT
M 12x70 24 M /C B O LT S
CL
P A 2 4 - 8 6 1 1 - C L 3 0 1 ( J ) - 2 0 0 - IH 3
2000
L IN E N O . P A 2 4 - 6 6 5 7 - G L 3 0 1 ( J ) - 4 0 - IH 2
105
8091
IT E M S IZ E Q T Y. REMARK
4 0 N B x5 0 0 L 1
P IP E
203
4 0 N B x1 0 0 0 L 1
ELBOW 80N B 2
270
4 5 /9 0
80x40 1
R -4 4 0 3
C O N C /E C C
REDUCER
T-4 4 0 1
CL
40N B 7
G AS KET
80N B 1
CL
S P E C IA L 40 1 S G 3 1 T L ( S F I)
V A LV E 40 1 B F31TL
2000
NUT/ M 12x90 4 M /C B O LT S
B O LT M 12x70 28 M /C B O LT S
R -4 4 0 1
REFRENC E DW G . NO
CL
1 E Q U IP M E N T L A Y O U T A T 1 0 6 . 0 0 0 M B P 1 0 1 5 -P O -3 5 0 1
2 E Q U IP M E N T L A Y O U T A T 1 1 2 . 0 0 0 M B P 1 0 1 5 -P O -3 5 0 2
3 E Q U I P M E N T L A Y O U T A T S E C 'B - B ' B P 1 0 1 5 -P O -3 5 0 6
4 P IP IN G L A Y O U T B P 1 0 1 5 -P O -3 4 0 7
5 P & L D IA G R A M N O . B P 1 0 1 5 -F I-1 4 3 6 / 0
6 P & L D IA G R A M N O . B P 1 0 1 5 -F I-1 4 2 D R A F T