Project Stakeholder Management: Stakeholders
Project Stakeholder Management: Stakeholders
Project Stakeholder Management: Stakeholders
Project Stakeholder
Management
4 Processes Engagement
PMBOK Knowledge Areas Project Scope
Management
Project Project
Stakeholder Schedule
Management Management
Project
Project Risk Quality
Management Management
Project Project
Communications Resource
Management Management
Where are we in the PM Process Groups & Knowledge Areas
2 Business Documents
Business Case
Benefits management Plan
4 Project Documents
Change Log
Issue log
Requirements documentation
5 Agreements
All parties in the agreement
Additional, if any mentioned in the
agreement
EEFs and OPAs
Enterprise Environmental Factors That might include
o Organizational culture, political climate, and governance framework;
o Government or industry standards (regulations, product standards, and codes of conduct);
6 o Global, regional, or local trends and practices or habits; and
o Geographic distribution of facilities and resources.
2 Data Gathering
Questionnaires and surveys
Brainstorming
Brainstorming
Brain writing
Identify Stakeholders : Tools and Techniques
Stakeholder analysis: Stakeholder analysis results in a list of stakeholders
3 and relevant information such as their positions in the organization, roles
on the project, “stakes,” expectations, attitudes (their levels of support for
the project), and their interest in information about the project.
Stakeholders’ stakes can include but are not limited to a combination of:
Interest.
Rights (legal or moral rights)
Ownership.
Knowledge.
Contribution.
4
Identify Stakeholders : Tools and Techniques
4
Stakeholder cube
Identify Stakeholders : Tools and Techniques
4
Salience model
Identify Stakeholders : Tools and Techniques
Upward (senior management of the performing organization or customer
4 organization, sponsor, and steering committee)
Downward (the team or specialists contributing knowledge or skills in a
Directions of influence temporary capacity)
Outward (outside the project team, such as suppliers, government
departments, the public, end-users, and regulators)
Sideward (the peers of the project manager)
Prioritization Prioritizing stakeholders may be necessary for projects with a large number of
stakeholders, where the membership of the stakeholder community is changing
frequently, or when the relationships between stakeholders and the project team
or within the stakeholder community are complex.
Identify Stakeholders : Tools and Techniques
Meetings
5 Meetings are used to develop an understanding of
significant project stakeholders
Identify Stakeholders : Outputs
Stakeholder Register: Contains all details related to identified stakeholders including but not limited
to:
a) Identification information:
• Name, position, location
• role in the project
• contact info
b) Assessment information
1
• Major requirements
• Main expectations
• Potential influence
c) Stakeholder classification
Internal/external, impact/influence/power/interest, upward/downward/outward/sideward, or any
other classification model chosen by the project manager
1
Identify Stakeholders : Outputs
2 Change Requests
During the first iteration of identifying stakeholders, there will not
be any change requests. As stakeholder identification continues
throughout the project, new stakeholders, or new information about
stakeholders, may result in a change request to the product, project
management plan, or project documents.
Sample Exam Question
As part of stakeholder analysis you have prepared an Influence-Impact Grid
Q with a scale of one to five; five being the highest on each coordinate. Which
of the following will be the most appropriate rating of the project sponsor on
the grid?
C
Plan Stakeholder
Engagement
13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4
Plan Manage Monitor
Identify
Stakeholder Stakeholder Stakeholder
Stakeholders
Engagement Engagement Engagement
Plan Stakeholders Engagement: ITTO
Plan Stakeholder Engagement is the process of developing approaches to involve
project stakeholders based on their needs, expectations, interests, and potential
impact on the project.
[Benefits]
The key benefit is that it provides an actionable plan to interact effectively with
stakeholders.
[Time to Do]
This process is performed periodically throughout the project as needed.
C = Current engagement
D = Desired engagement
In above figure,
C represents the current engagement level of each stakeholder and D indicates the level that the
project team has assessed as essential to ensure project success (desired).
The gap between current and desired for each stakeholder will direct the level of communications necessary
to effectively engage the stakeholder.
The closing of this gap between current and desired is an essential element of monitoring stakeholder
engagement.
[Benefit]
The key benefit of this process is that it allows the project manager to increase support and minimize
resistance from stakeholders.
[Time to do]
This process is performed throughout the project.
Manage Stakeholder Engagement
Manage Stakeholder Engagement involves activities such as:
PROJECT DOCUMENTS Change log. Change requests and their status are documented in the change
log and communicated to the appropriate stakeholders.
Issue log. Any project or stakeholder concerns are documented in the issue
log, as well as any assigned action items associated with managing the issue.
Lessons learned register. Lessons learned earlier in the project with regard to
managing stakeholder engagement can be applied to later phases in the
project to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of this process.
Stakeholder register.
ENTERPRISE ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS
ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESS
ASSETS
Change log:
Impact A running document which logs all the changes of
Impact on Cost the project
on Risk
Impact
on time
Types of meetings that are beneficial as part of this process include but are not limited to:
Decision making,
Issue resolution,
Lessons learned and retrospectives,
Project kick-off,
Sprint planning, and
Status updates.
Manage Stakeholder Engagement : Outputs
CHANGE REQUESTS
As a result of managing stakeholder engagement, changes to the project scope or product scope may emerge.
All change requests are processed for review and disposition through the Perform Integrated Change Control
process.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLAN UPDATES
Any change to the project management plan goes through the organization’s change control process via a change
request. Components of the project management plan that may require a change request for the project
management plan include but are not limited to:
Communications management plan. The communications management plan is updated to reflect new or
changed stakeholder requirements.
Stakeholder engagement plan. The stakeholder engagement plan is updated to reflect new or changed
management strategies required to effectively engage stakeholders.
PROJECT DOCUMENTS UPDATES
Change log. The change log may be updated based on any change requests.
Issue log. The issue log may be updated to reflect an update to, or the development of, an issue log entry.
Lessons learned register. The lessons learned register is updated with effective or ineffective approaches to
managing stakeholder engagement so that information can be used in the current project or future projects.
Stakeholder register. The stakeholder register may be updated based on new information provided to
stakeholders about resolved issues, approved changes, and general project status.
Monitor Stakeholder
Engagement
13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4
Plan Manage Monitor
Identify
Stakeholder Stakeholder Stakeholder
Stakeholders
Engagement Engagement Engagement
Monitor Stakeholder Engagement : ITTO
Monitor Stakeholder Engagement is the process of monitoring project stakeholder
relationships and tailoring strategies for engaging stakeholders through modification
of engagement strategies and plans.
The key benefit of this process is that it maintains or increases the efficiency and
effectiveness of stakeholder engagement activities as the project evolves and its
environment changes.