Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Occupational Health: Prof. Raihana Begum Dept. of Community
Occupational Health: Prof. Raihana Begum Dept. of Community
population
Three types of interactions in the
working environment
1. Physical hazards
2. Chemical hazards
3. Biological hazards
4. Mechanical hazards
5. Psychosocial hazards
Occupational Hazards
Physical hazards
• Heat
• Cold
• Light
• Noise
• Vibration
• Pressure
• Electricity
• Radiation
• Altitude
Occupational Hazards
Chemical hazards:
Gases: CO2, CO, CS2, HCN, HCl, H2S, SO2, N2, NH3
Dusts:
• Inorganic – Coal dust, Silica, Iron, Asbestos
• Organic – Cane fibre, Cotton dust, Tobacco, Grain dust
Actinomycosis ,
Behavioural
Hostility, Aggressiveness, Anxiety, Depression, Alcoholism,
Drug abuse, Sickness absenteeism
Psychosomatic
Fatigue, Headache, Neck & shoulder pain, Hypertension, Heart
disease, Peptic ulcer.
Offensive Trade
Example
Tannery house, Slaughter house, Brick fields, Bone
boiling, Blood boiling & drying, Gut scrapping, Paper
industry, Keeping & maintaining of animals, Rice mill,
Oil mill
Prevention of hazards of Offensive Trade
Should be away from the residential area.
Screening
Occupational
Diseases Work
Related
Diseases
General
Diseases
Occupational diseases (cont.)
Brucellosis Leptospirosis
Actinomycosis Hydatidosis
Psittacosis Schistosomiasis Encephalitis
Tetanus
Anthrax Tuberculosis
Hepatitis-B Infection HIV Infection
Hook Worm Infection Fungal infection
Occupational diseases (cont.)
Gas poisoning
CO2, CO, CS2, HCN, HCl, H2S, SO2, N2, NH3
Effects
Loss of consciousness, coma, anoxic brain
injury, headache, malaise, ischaemia etc
Diseases due to Chemical hazards
Solvents
Poisoning from –
CS2
Benzene
Trichloroethylene
Chloroform
Diseases due to Physical hazards
Heat
Heat (Stroke, Exhaustion, Syncope, Cramps), Prickly heat,
Burns
Cold
Trench foot, Immersion foot, Frost bite, Chill blain,
Erythro-cyanosis
Light
Occ. Cataract, Miner’s nystagmus, Lachrymation, Eye
pain-strain.
Diseases due to Physical hazards
Noise
Auditory: Occupational deafness,
Temporary / Permanent hearing loss
Non auditory: Speech annoyance, reduction in efficiency,
fatigue, high BP, tachytcardia.
Pressure
Caisson’s disease, Air embolism, Blast explosion.
Vibration
Affects joints of the upper extremities, spasm of the
fine blood vessels, occasional cramps.
Diseases due to Physical hazards
Ionizing radiation
Genetic change, malformation, cancer, sterility, ulceration.
Electricity
Burn
Diseases due to Mechanical hazards
Accidents
Injuries
Diseases due to psychosocial hazards
Depression, C.H.D
Occupational diseases
Physical hazards
Toxic/Chemical hazard
Chemical hazard
Agents: Disease:
Dusts of grains or hay Farmer’s lung
Cane fibre Bagassosis
Cotton dust Byssinosis
Tobacco Tobaccosis
Coconut fibre, Occupational asthma
Tea, &
Rice husks Other respiratory illness
Wood
Occupational hazards of Agricultural workers
Biological hazard
Mechanical hazards
Psychosocial hazards
B. Environmental factors:
Temperature
Poor illumination
Humidity
Noise
Unsafe machine
Prevention of Industrial Accidents
Adequate pre-placement examination
Adequate job training
Continuing education
Ensuring safe working environment
Establishing a safety dept.in the organization
under a competent safety engineer
Periodic survey for finding out hazards
Careful reporting, maintenance of records and
publicity
Measure for general health
protection of the workers
Nutrition
Mental health
Family Planning
Measures for general health protection of the
workers
Health Education:
An important health promotional measures should
be organised at all levels.
Prevention of Silicosis:
1. Rigorous dust control: Substitution, complete
enclosure, isalation, hydroblasting, good house
keeping etc.
2. Use of protective device
3. Regular physical examination.
Asbestosis
Asbestos is a fibrous material
They are silicates of varying materials like
Mg,Iron, Ca, Na, & Al)
Used for manufacturing asbestos cement, fire
proof textiles, roof tiling, brake lining etc.
Asbestosis
It causes pulmonary fibrosis leading to respiratory
insufficiency and death; Ca bronchous & GIT,
mesothelioma of the pleura and peritonium
A. Medical Measures:
1. Pre-placement examination
2. Periodical examination
3. Medical and health care sevices
4. Notification of occupational diseases
5. Supervision of working environment
6. Maintenance and analysis of records
7. Health education and counselling
Prevention of Occupational disease
B. Engineering Measures:
1. Design of building
2. Good housekeeping
3. General ventilation
4. Mechanisation
5. Substitution
6. Dust control
7. Enclosing of harmful materials
Prevention of Occupational Disease
B. Engineering Measures:
C. Legislative Measures:
It supplements for safeguarding the workers
from the occupational hazards.
1. Factory Act, 1965.It refers to the act in
relation to health, safety and welfare of the
worker
2. The Workmen’s Act, 1923.It refers to the
employers liability for the compensation.
Benefits of the employees
Medical benefit
Sickness benefit
Maternity benefit
Disablement benefit
Dependant’s benefit
Funeral expenses
Rehabilitation allowance.
Medical Benefits
Consists of full medical care including
hospitalization at free of cost to the insured
persons in case of sickness, employment injury
and maternity.