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    There are two main types of fireproofing - active and passive. Passive fireproofing does not require external activation and includes materials like fireproof paints, insulating panels, and concrete. It is commonly used due to fire safety code enforcement, lack of active fire suppression systems, and risk assessment. Passive fireproofing helps protect personnel and assets from fire. Fireproofing systems work to insulate structural elements and prevent heat transfer, allowing structures to maintain stability and integrity during a fire. The appropriate type and thickness of fireproofing applied depends on factors like the element's size and configuration, intended fire resistance rating, and fire load standards. Common passive fireproofing methods include sprayed cementitious coat

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    There are two main types of fireproofing - active and passive. Passive fireproofing does not require external activation and includes materials like fireproof paints, insulating panels, and concrete. It is commonly used due to fire safety code enforcement, lack of active fire suppression systems, and risk assessment. Passive fireproofing helps protect personnel and assets from fire. Fireproofing systems work to insulate structural elements and prevent heat transfer, allowing structures to maintain stability and integrity during a fire. The appropriate type and thickness of fireproofing applied depends on factors like the element's size and configuration, intended fire resistance rating, and fire load standards. Common passive fireproofing methods include sprayed cementitious coat

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    133 views25 pages

    Fire Protection

    Uploaded by

    NIBEDITA DEY
    There are two main types of fireproofing - active and passive. Passive fireproofing does not require external activation and includes materials like fireproof paints, insulating panels, and concrete. It is commonly used due to fire safety code enforcement, lack of active fire suppression systems, and risk assessment. Passive fireproofing helps protect personnel and assets from fire. Fireproofing systems work to insulate structural elements and prevent heat transfer, allowing structures to maintain stability and integrity during a fire. The appropriate type and thickness of fireproofing applied depends on factors like the element's size and configuration, intended fire resistance rating, and fire load standards. Common passive fireproofing methods include sprayed cementitious coat

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    of 25

    FIREPROOFING

    Insulating systems to deter heat


    transfer to structure
    Active - water sprays, sprinklers, deluge foam eneration,FRS
    Passive – Paints,insulating panels/ blankets,concrete etc.

    Why passive fireproofing ?


    Enforcement of fire safety codes
    Absence of active systems
    Assessment Fire risk
    Protection of Personnel & assets 1
    Definitions

    Active Measures
    Passive Measures
    Fire Load—MJ/mm2
    Fire Resistance--Time
    Fire Safety Engg—Stability,Smoke Control
    & Evacuation
    Cellulosic Fire & Hydrocarbon Fires
    2
    Fire Loads

    Relationship between fire load and fire severity


    Combustible Contents(Kg/m2) Standard fire exposure
    duration(hours)
    24.4 0.5
    48.8 1
    97.6 2
    195.3 4.5
    292.9 7.5
    Expressed as equivalent weight of wood / unit area of floor
    surface.

    3
    Structural Fire Resistance Requirements
    Fire Resistance Height of top storey - metres
    England and Wales Recommendations
    1992 <5 <20 <30 >30

    Approx no. of Storeys 2 5/6 8/9 9+

    Residential (non domestic) 30 60 90 120

    Offices 30 60* 90*

    Shops, Commercial Assembly 60* 60 90* 120 plus


    sprinklers
    (floors 90
    Industrial & Storage 60* 90* 120* mins)

    Car Parks - Closed 30 60 90

    Car Parks - Open sided 15 15 15 60

    * Reduced by 30 mins when sprinkled.

    4
    Time & Temperature Curve

    1 = .Hydrocarbon ,Celulosic 2 = BS 476. 3 = ISO 834 Standard


    5
    Natural & Standard Fire (Time Vs Temp)

    6
    Protected vs Bare Steel Exposed in Fire

    7
    Protection Criteria

    •Type and quantity of fireproofing applied


    •Different critical temperatures of materials
    •Configuration–beams/columns,hollow sections
    •Member exposed to fire on three or four sides.
    •Fire Load & Fire Resistance Requirements 

    Protection Regulations --Building

    8
    Fire Protection Standards
     

    Standards Country Description


    ASTM E-119) U.S.A. Cellulosic or wood fire;

    BS 476 Part 8 , U.K. Cellulosic or wood fire


    20,22
    ISO 834 INTL Cellulosic or wood fire
    (standard
    time/temp. curve)
    DIN 4102 GERMANY Cellulosic or wood fire

    BS 476 U.K. Hydrocarbon fire

    ISO 834 INTL Hydrocarbon fire


    (hydrocarbon
    time/temp. curve)
    UL 1709 U.S.A. Hydrocarbon fire

    IS 1641/2/3 & NBC 4 Fire Codes ( Cellulosic)


    9

     
    Different Fire Protection System
     
      Sprayed Cementious Boards/ Intumescent
    (Gypsum based) Blankets Coating
    Relative cost Low to medium Low to high Med to high

    Wet or dry Wet Mainly dry Wet, thick film

    Appln Tools Specialist equipment Simple application Painting equipment


    required tools

    Int/ ext use Internal and external Internal use. Int with some ext
    protection required systems.
    for external use.
    Prepn. No primer for internal Contact surfaces to Compatible primer
    use, but l surfaces to be be clean and on cleaned steel
    cleaned. compatible. surface.
    Thickness 10 to 75 mm Boards 6- 100 mm; Thin film 0.3- 6.5
    range blankets 12- 76 mm. mm Thk film 2-32
    mm
    Maximum fire 240 mins. 240 mins Thin film 120 mins.
    resistance Thick film 240
    mins.

    10
    Typical Usage

     Coated Steel Structure Mineral Spray Applied

    Corrosion Protection/weather Resistant


    11
    Intumescent Coating

    12
    Intumescent Material

    Expand when Exposed to heat / Insulate the Steel


    and provide fire protection
    Under the heat , the solid coating converted into viscous liquid.
    •Endothermic reactions to release inert gases with low thermal
    conductivity
    • Result in expansion / foaming of the coating up to 8 time 

    13
    Sprinkler

    Suppress automatically small fires on ignition


    Individual sprinklers activated by heat

    90% of fires suppressed by sprinkler heads


    14
    Protection By Rigid Board

    15
    Protection applied to Str. Steel Member

    16
    Flexible/Blanket Systems

    17
    Concrete in-Fill increases Fire Resistance

    18
    Concrete Application Tips

    19
    Spray Protection

    20
    Composite Materials

     Panels - metallic cladding,stainless


    steel, cementitious board

    Mineral or ceramic fibers sandwiched


    in between.

    Composite Steel Deck Floor


    Fire resistance 4 hrs without fire protection

    With min. reinf. provides ½ hr FR

    A layer of reinf provides 2 hrs FR

    21
    Fire Resistant Steel

    Steel loses 75% strength at 600 C


    •Heavily loaded components at 400 C
    •Fully stressed steel at around 550 C
    •Depends on steel used/thk of coating

    Reason for Usage

    •Spraying fireproofing health hazard/ expensive.


    •Demand for restricting use of coatings
    •Combinations cost reduced

    Equation : FR steel + 15 mm coat = Str. Steel + 50 mm coat 22


    Expressive Architectural Design
    Unprotected Steel,Fire Resistant
    Steel,Sprinklers,Filled/Partialled Sections,
    Intumescent Coatings

    Non-Expressive Architectural Design

    Integrated Beams & Columns,Sprayed


    Materials,Cladding(Board & Blankets)

    23
    Coating Thickness for Different Fire Rating

    Coating type on I Section Coat thickness for different periods (mm)

    30 min 60 min 90 min 120 min

    Solvent based thin coats 0,25 - 1,0 0,75 - 2,5 1,50 - 2,50  

    Epoxy resin- based thick 4,0 - 5,0 4,0 - 11,0 6,0 - 16,5 6,0 - 16,5
    coats

    Passive Fireproof Coatings data paint vs concrete

    SHS-Size Coating on Hollow Structural Coating on Concrete filled


    (µm) (µm)
      168.3X8 2250 900

    193.7X10 1550 900

    244.5X6.3 3450 750

    323.9X8 2250 400


    24
    Conclusion

    Stability may be attained by unprotected steel


    elements for short period

    For long periods , the steelwork needs to be


    protected by judicial selection of system involving
    active / passive.

    Choice of the fire protection to consider localisation of


    element, aesthetic and economy.

    25

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