Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Occupationa Health Hazards
Occupationa Health Hazards
• TLC-C
– Acute effects might be experienced
Considerations
• Nature of the material or energy involved
• Intensity of exposure
• Duration of Exposure
• Individual Susceptibility
Hazard Evaluation
1. Determine the magnitude or level of hazards
with the use of industrial hygiene instruments.
2. Analysis of samples and comparative results
with existing standard.
3. Monitor the work area.
WEM –Work Environment Measurement
• Why?
Genetic Physical
factors properties
Lifestyle Magnitude of
exposure
Timing of
Gender
exposure
Medical Multiplicity of
history exposure
Classification of Health Hazards
Chemical Hazards
Organic Solvents
• Occupational Sources
– Paints
– Varnishes
– Adhesives
– Additive Chemicals
• Exposure
– Inhalation of vapors
– Skin absorption
Organic Solvents:
Health Effects
• Neurotoxic Effects
• Liver Effects
• Respiratory Effects
• Reproductive Effects
• Kidney Effects
Lead
• Occupational Sources
- Welders
- Radiator repairmen
- Solderers
- Shipyard workers
- Garage workers
- Pipe fitters
• Exposure
- inhalation
- ingestion
Lead: Health Effects
Diseases:
Hypertension
Anemia
Renal dysfunction
Cement
• Fine, grayish green powder produced by heating cement rock or
other lime stone bearing materials
• Occupational Sources
- Construction
- Cement Manufacturing
• Exposure
– Inhalation
– Skin absorption
Cement: Health Effects
• Clinical Symptoms
– Increased tone in the masseter
muscle (lockjaw)
– Sustained contraction of the
facial muscles (risus sardonicus)
and back muscles
(opisthotonus)
Tetanus
• Prevention
– Active immunization with tetanus toxoid
– Careful wound management
Ergonomical Hazards
Ergonomics
“Fitting the Job to the Worker”
the task
(job content
& context)
the the
organization tool
the the
environment workstation
Ergonomic Stresses:
Health Effects
• Musculoskeletal Disorders
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Neck-shoulder pain
• Low back pain
Ergonomic Stresses
Posture
• Awkward posture
• Static posture
Forceful Exertion
• Overcome weight,
resistance, inertia
• Lift, Push, Pull, Carry
Ergonomic Stresses
Movement
• Extreme range of motion
– Twisting, bending
• Repetitive
– same motion pattern
– short cycle time
Effective Workplace
Safety & Health Programs