Landing Gear
Landing Gear
Off aircraft
More extensive checks can be performed-
before loosening the wheel bolts be sure tire completely-
deflated
:Safety to loose the tire from the rim*
.be sure the tire is completely deflated-1
.use deflector screwed onto the valves-2
.remove valve core after air is out-3
.never use screwdriver to remove the tire-4
Disassembly of the wheel
the wheel should be placed on a clean, flat surface -1
bearing seals and cones removed from both wheel -2
halves
the nut from wheel bolts removed to separate wheel -3
halves
do not used impact wrench -4
Cleaning wheel assembly
Stoddard solvent used to remove any dirt or-1
grease from the wheel
soft bristle brush to remove stubborn deposits -2
do not used scrapers -3
after cleaned, dry with compressed air -4
Cleaning the bearings
Clean solvent used to wash bearing, soak them to-
soften grease then brush them with soft bristle
Dry bearing by blowing them out with low- -
pressure compressed air
bearing should never clean by steam-
B- bearing inspection (reject) *
galling (not easy to roll) -1
.flatting at roller-2
Water strain (corrosion)-3
.Spalling (small chipping)-4
Over heat (discoloration)-5
.Bend or distortion on the cage-6
.Groove in the roller (feel with your fingernail)-7
bearing lubrications: with MIL-G-81322D type lubrication
:inspections the wheels halves*
the most difficult area of an aircraft wheel to inspect is the *
.bead region
by using eddy current testing*
the key slot area will be tested by dye penetrant *
.inspection
wheel bolt inspections :by magnetic particles inspections*
key & key screw inspection: for any cracks ,looseness and*
excessive wear
fusible plug inspections
Fusible plug: is installed on the inboard half of wheel to*
release the excessive pressure when the tire got over heat
and must remove all fusible plug when any one melt…if
any one of them indicates any deformation, all of plugs
must be replaced
balance weights :make sure these weights are in their places
NOSE WHEEL STEERING SYSTEMS
Small Aircraft
Some of the smallest airplanes use differential -
.braking
Other small aircraft the nose wheel is usually-
controlled by a direct connection between the
.rudder pedals and the nose gear
Large Aircraft
Large aircraft steering is usually activated by a-
hydraulic actuator that is controlled by the
rudder pedals or by a separate steering
.mechanism
A shimmy damper is also a part of most nose-
wheel steering systems
Shimmy damper: is a small hydraulic shock absorber that is*
installed between the nose wheel fork and the nose wheel
cylinder to reduce rapid oscillation of nose wheel and allow
the wheel turn by steering unit
Aircraft Brakes
Aircraft Brakes
Types Of Aircraft Brakes
Single-disk brake -1
Multiple-disk brake -2
a-segmented rotor –disc brakes
b-carbon brakes
Expander tube brake -3
Multiple-disk brake
Single-disk brake
Single disk brake
dissipate small amount of kinetic energy-
used lining made of an organic or metallic friction material-
Lining has 1-high coefficient of friction
good thermal characteristics-2
used caliper that is free to move in and out but restrained from -
rotating
-
Multiple-disk brake -2
Gain maximum amount of friction area -
smooth action and provided high torque-
dissipation of vast amount of kinetic and heat energy-
Disadvantage -
Thin disc has tendency to warp, manual adjustment requirement
later on automatic adjuster compensate for disc wear each time the*
brake is applied, which eliminates the need for manual brake
adjustment
Segmented rotor disc brakes
Provide improved brake cooling -
More efficiently -
provide more efficient and longer braking action before temperature limit-
of brake is reached
Carbon brakes
made of pure carbon-
Save weight -
,high heat dissipating-
eliminate need for extensive cooling-
Used on military and jet airplanes -
is k b r ake
le-d
Multip
Brake Construction-
Single-disk -1
is bolted rigidly to the wheel and rotates between two
linings mounted in a caliper that is free to move in and
.out but is restrained from rotating
The caliper consist of cylinder assembly holding one or
more pistons actuated by hydraulic pressure to
squeeze the disc between two brakes lining
The lining used in these brakes is usually made of an -
organic material (semi metallic linings) that has
a high coefficient of friction.1
.excellent thermal characteristics .2
good wear capabilities .3
no health problem during manufacture .4
The lining (pads) used in past made of asbestoses-
.compound are hazards health
Multiple-disk brake -2
- :Construction of multiple disk brakes*
.Torque tube: foundation unit, which core of stator and rotor-1
brake Housing: have cavities for holding piston and return spring which -3
made of ‘Al’ alloy and ‘Mg’ alloy. (attached with strut by bolt)
inspected by using dye penetrant inspection •
Piston insulator: used to prevent heat transfer from pressure plate into-4
.piston where it would likely damaged the seal and fluid
If tire newly installed, tires should be first inflated, fully deflated, and then
reinflated to the correct pressure To allow the tube to position itself
.correctly inside the tire
A stripe or mark applied to a wheel rim and extending onto the sidewall of
a tube-type tire is a slippage mark. To indicate if there is slip between
wheel and tire or not
The proper inflation pressure ,if tire serviced and inflated off the aircraft
is 4 % less that listed in manual
?Where can you find the correct inflation pressure for the tires on an aircraft .15
In the aircraft service manual
What is the purpose of the compensator port in the master cylinder of aircraft .16
?brakes
The compensator port in the master cylinder opens the brake reservoir to the wheel
cylinders when the brakes are off. This prevents pressure from building up in the
.brake lines and causing the brakes to drag
What is the purpose of the shuttle valve in the brake system of an aircraft .17
?using hydraulic power brakes
The shuttle valve is an automatic transfer valve. It allows the brakes to be operated by
hydraulic system pressure under all normal conditions, but if this pressure is lost, it
.allows the brakes to be operated by the emergency backup system
How does an antiskid brake system keep the wheels of an aircraft from .18
?skidding on a wet runway
The antiskid system monitors the rate of deceleration of the wheels. If any wheel slows
down faster than it should (as it would at the beginning of a skid), the pressure on the
brake in that wheel is released until the wheel stops decelerating, then the pressure
.is reapplied
Chapter 9 / Aircraft landing Gear System
?Q.1: What is the purpose of the shuttle valve in the emergency brake system
Used to direct either normal hydraulic system pressure or emergency air pressure
into brake actuator
?Q.2: What is the purpose of the Fusible plug
Fusible plug is installed on the inboard half of wheel to release the excessive pressure
when the tire got over heat
?Q.3: What is the purpose of the fairing installed on the wheel
.Decrease the air resistance of a fixed landing gear
Q.4: What are the classification of landing gear according to the wheel
?Arrangement
tail-wheel type landing gear 2- tricycle-type landing gear 3- tandem landing gear -1
?Q.5: What is the main problem of the tail-wheel type landing gear
The main problem with the tail wheel type of landing gear is its tendency to cause the
airplane to ground-loop
? Q.6: What is the purpose of the following
. shock absorber 2- torque link -1
shock absorber : used for absorbing the landing impact and the shock of taxiing-1
over rough ground
torque link : it limits the extension of the oleo strut and keeps the wheel in -2
alignment
.Q.7: Write down the purpose of shimmy damper
It allows the wheel to be turned by the steering system and the rapid oscillations of
a nose wheel
? Q.8:what is the Aircraft wheel made of
Made of either aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy
? Q.9: What should be checked when wheel is on the aircraft
check for proper installation 2- check axle nut torque -1
?Q.10: What are the types of brakes
single-disk brake 2- multiple-disk brake -1
?Q.11: What is the purpose of the debooster valve
Used to increase the volume of fluid going to the brake and reduces the pressure
- :Q.12: What are the Construction of multiple disk brakes
Torque tube.2- Automatic adjuster3-Brake Housing4-Piston insulator-1
Piston6-pressure plate7-rotating disk8-stationary disks 9-bolts and nuts-5
.back plate11- lining (friction pad)12- air valves-10
?Q.13: What are the points that should be checked during brake inspection
check for lining wear -1
check for air in the system -2
check the fluid quantity and type -3
check the entire system for leakage -4
check bolt torque -5
Q.14: What are the precautions that should be taken when storing tires
The storage room should not have extreme of temperature -1
special care should be taken to assure that no grease, oil, hydraulic fluid -2