21 Century Literature From The Philippines and The World: Bernadeth P. Salmoro Instructor

21ST CENTURY
LITERATURE FROM
THE PHILIPPINES AND
THE WORLD
BERNADETH P. SALMORO
INSTRUCTOR
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected

to:
a. identify the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic
dimensions of Philippine literary history from
Spanish Colonial ;
b. enumerate the writers contribution during

Spanish colonization; and
c. construct literary forms.

Historical Background
Spanish colonization of
the Philippines started in
1565 during the time of
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi,
the first Spanish governor
– general in the
Philippines.
Changes occurred in the lives of
Filipinos
 Catholic religion.
 houses made of stones and bricks
 Carriages, trains and boats
 Held fiestas to honor the saints, pope and the

governors.
 cockfight, horse races and the theater

EDUCATION IN SPANISH ERA
-Education was “religion centered”
-Education for elite only
-Spanish is compulsory.
-Boys and girls are separated

Spanish Influences on Philippine
Literature
Alibata
Literature
Teaching of the Christian Doctrine
Printing was introduced
European legends and traditions

Literature
 The Spanish language became the literary
language during this time
 Ancient literature was collected and

translated to Tagalog and other dialects.
 Grammar books were printed in Filipino
 Literature: religious prose and poetry

and secular prose and poetry
Literary Writers & their
Works
1. Dr. Jose P. Rizal
 Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last
Farewell)
 Sobre La Indolencia De Los
Filipinos ( On The Indolence of
the Filipino)
 A La Juventud Filipina ( To The
Filipino Youth)
 Junto Al Pasig (Beside the Pasig
River)
2. Marcelo H. Del Pilar
 Pag – ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa
 Kaiingat Kayo
 Dasalan at Tocsohan
 Sagot sa Espanya sa
Hibik ng Pilipinas
3. Graciano Lopez Jaena
 Founded La Solidaridad
 Fray Botod
4. Mariano Ponce
 Ang Alamat ng Bulacan
 Sobre Filipinos
5. Pedro Paterno
 Ninay(1st Social Novel)
 Sampaguitas y Poesia
Varias (sampaguita &
Varied Poems
6. Andres Bonifacio
 Ang Dapat Mabatid ng
mga Tagalog
 Mga Anak ng Bayan
 Huling Paalam
7. Emilio Jacinto
 Brain of Katipunan
 Editor of kalayaan
 Kartilya ng Katipunan
 Liwanag sa Dilim
8. Jose Palma
 Best known as the
author of the lyrics of
the national anthem
JFFNFKKKF
2. Nuestra Señora del Rosario
The second book
printed in the
Philippines was written
by Fr. Blancas de San
Jose in 1602.
It contains the

biographies of saints,
novenas, and questions
and answers on religion.
3. Libro de los Cuatro Postprimeras de Hombre
(in Spanish and Tagalog)
 This is the first book

printed in typography.
 Written by Francisco
Blanca de San Jose,
known as the father of
grammarians.
4. Barlaan at Josephat.
This is a Biblical story

printed in the Philippines
and translated to Tagalog
from Greek by Fr. Antonio
de Borja.
It is believed to be the first

Tagalog novel published in
the Philippines even if it is
only a translation.
5. The Pasion
This is the book about the

life and sufferings of Jesus
Christ.
There were 4 versions of

this in Tagalog .
Pilapil version (by Mariano Pilapil of Bulacan, 1814)
de Belen version (by Gaspar Aquino de Belen,1704)
 de la Merced (by Aniceto de la Merced, 1856)
de Guia version (by Luis de Guia in 1750)
6. Urbana at Felisa
A book by Modesto de
Castro, the so called Father
of Classic Prose in Tagalog.
These are letters between

two sisters Urbana at Felisa
and have influenced greatly
the behavior of people in
society because the letters
dealt with good behavior.
7. Ang Mga Dalit kay Maria
(Psalms for Mary)
 A collection of songs
praising the Virgin Mary.
Fr. Mariano Sevilla, a
Filipino priest, wrote this
in 1865 and it was
popular especially during
the May time “Flores de
Mayo” festival.
Literary
Compositions
Literary Compositions
1. Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Art and rules
of the Tagalog language). Written by Fr. Blancas
de San Jose and translated to Tagalog by Tomas
Pinpin in 1610.
2. Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding

the Tagalog language). Written by Fr. Gaspar de San
Agustin in 1703.
3. Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Tagalog

vocabulary). The first Tagalog dictionary written by
Fr. Pedro de San Buenaventura in 1613.
Literary Compositions
5. Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan
vocabulary). The best language book in Visayan
by Mateo Sanchez in 1711
6. Arte de la Lengua Ilokana (The Art of the Ilocano

language). The first Ilocano grammar book by
Francisco Lopez.
7. Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicol

language). The first book in the Bicol language
and written by Fr. Marcos Lisbon in 1754.
Folk Songs
Folk songs became widespread in the
Philippines. They show the Filipinos’ innate
appreciation for and love of beauty.
Example:
Leron-Leron Sinta (Tagalog)
Pamulinawen ( Iloko)
Dandansoy (Bisaya)
Sarong Banggi (Bicol)
Atin Cu Pung Singsing (Kapampangan)
Religious an Recreational Plays
1. Tibag
 means “to excavate”.
 It remind us about the search
of St. Helena for the Cross on
which Jesus died.
2. The Salubong (or Panubong)

 An Easter play that
dramatizes the meeting of
the Risen Christ and His
Mother.
3. Lagaylay
A special occasion for the Pilarenos of
Sorsogon during Maytime to get together.
 Objective - praise,
respect and
offering of love to
the Blessed Cross
by St. Helen on the
mound she had
dug in.
4. The Cenaculo
A dramatic performance
to commemorate the
passion and death of
Jesus Christ.
Two kinds: The Cantada

& The Hablada
This is written in
octosyllabic verse, with 8
verses to the stanza.
5. Panunuluyan
Presented before
12:00 on Christmas
Eve.
A presentation of
the search of the
Virgin Mary and ST.
oseph for an inn to
deliver baby Jesus
6. Carillo (Shadow Play)
A form of dramatic entertainment
performed in a moonless night during a town
fiesta or on dark nights after a harvest.
Various names:
Carillo – Manila, Rizal Batangas & Laguna
Titres – Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Bataan,
Capiz & Negros
Titiri – Zambales
Gagalo/Kikimut - Pampanga & Tarlac
Aliala – La Union
7. The Zarzuela
Considered as the “father of drama”
A musical comedy or melodrama in three acts

which dealt with man’s passions an demotions like
love, hate, revenge, cruelty, avarice or some social
or political problem.
8. The Sainete
A short musical
comedy popular during
the 18th century.
They were
exaggerated comedies
shown between acts of
long plays and were
mostly performed by
characters from the
lower classes.
Other noted plays/events in this period:
a. The Moro-Moro
Performed during town fiestas to entertain the people

and to remind them of their Christian religion.
The plot is usually the same that of a Christian princess

or a nobleman’s daughter who is captured by the
Mohammedans.
b. Duplo
 A poetic joust in speaking and
reasoning. The roles are taken from the
Bible and from proverbs and sayings.
Other noted plays/events in this period:
c. Karagatan
 A peotic vehicle of socio – religious nature
celebrated during the death of a person.
d. Balagtasan
 This is a poetic joust or a contest of
skills in debate on a particular topic or
issue.
e. The Dung – aw
 A chant in free verse by a bereaved person beside
the corpse of the dead.
e. The Awit And The Corrido
Awit Corrido
 Dodecasyllabic verse  Octocyllabic verse
 Are fabricated stories  Were usually

from writers’ legends or stories
imagination although from European
the setting and countries like
characters are France, Spain, Italy
European and Greece
 Ex. “Florante at Laura”

Activity
I. Instructions: Identify the following questions with the
correct responses, write your answer on the space
provided.
_______1. Who was the sole representative of the Spanish

Crown in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial Period?
_______2. The first published book in the Philippines during

Spanish times.
_______3. A musical comedy or a melodrama which acts

with men’s passion and emotion like love, hate, revenge,
cruelty, avarice or some political problem.
_______4. Dramatic performance for the
purpose of manifesting devotion for the holy
cross.
_______5. Best known as the author of the lyrics

of the national anthem.
_______6. It is a poetic joust or a contest of skills

and debate of a particular topic or issue.
_______7. This is a poetic joust in speaking and

reasoning.
_______8. Dramatizes the reunion of the Risen
Christ and his mother.
_______9. The first alphabet used during Spanish

period.
_______10. This is a chant in free verse by a

bereaved person on his representative behind the
corpse of the dead.
II. Directions: Complete the table below by
defining each literary form and provide an
example.
Literary form Definition Example

1. Awit
2. Dung - aw
3. Pasyon

21 Century Literature From The Philippines and The World: Bernadeth P. Salmoro Instructor

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21ST CENTURY

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected

b. enumerate the writers contribution during

c. construct literary forms.

 houses made of stones and bricks

 Carriages, trains and boats

 Held fiestas to honor the saints, pope and the

 cockfight, horse races and the theater

-Education was “religion centered”

-Education for elite only

-Boys and girls are separated

Teaching of the Christian Doctrine

Printing was introduced

European legends and traditions

 Ancient literature was collected and

 Grammar books were printed in Filipino

 Literature: religious prose and poetry

 Pag – ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa

It contains the

 This is the first book

This is a Biblical story

It is believed to be the first

This is the book about the

There were 4 versions of

These are letters between

2. Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding

3. Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Tagalog

6. Arte de la Lengua Ilokana (The Art of the Ilocano

7. Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicol

2. The Salubong (or Panubong)

Two kinds: The Cantada

A musical comedy or melodrama in three acts

Performed during town fiestas to entertain the people

The plot is usually the same that of a Christian princess

 Are fabricated stories  Were usually

_______1. Who was the sole representative of the Spanish

_______2. The first published book in the Philippines during

_______3. A musical comedy or a melodrama which acts

_______5. Best known as the author of the lyrics

_______6. It is a poetic joust or a contest of skills

_______7. This is a poetic joust in speaking and

_______9. The first alphabet used during Spanish

_______10. This is a chant in free verse by a

Literary form Definition Example

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