Project Management

Chapter one: Introduction of project management

Lecturer :Mustapha Mohamoud(BS EEE, MSc in Renewable energy, MA PPM, PGDLM,CERFITED

PROJECT PROFESSIONAL.
Project Management

• Course Outline:
unity Title
1)Unity one: introduction of project management
2) Unity two: Project Organization and Project Team.
3) Unity three: Project Cycle Management
4) Unity four: Project Budget And Schedule with MS project
5) Unity Five: Project Risk Management
6) Unity six: Project Leadership and Decision Making
7) Unity seven Project Procurement And Contractors
8) unity Eight Project monitory &Evaluation
Learning Objectives
At the end of this unit, learner should be able to:

1)Explain the meaning project management ,Project, OPM,

2)Identify the different Project/Program/ Portfolio
3)Discuss Five project management process
4)Explain project triple constraints
5)Discuss the knowledge Areas of Project management
6)Identify the project success factors
7)Explain the project stakeholders
8) define Ethics

9) what are Four Standards for PMI® Code of Ethics

Brief History project management
 2570 BC: the Great Pyramid.
 208 BC: Construction of the Create wall of china
 1956: the American Association of cast Engineer(now AACE international) formed
 1957: the Critical path method(CPM) and( PER)
 1962: united state department of defense(WBs), work breakdown structure
 1669: project management Institute(PMI) PUBLISHED GUIDE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT BODY
KNOWLEDGE(PMBOK)
PMI Certification:
-PMP :project management profession
-Pgmp: Program management Profession
PFMP: Portfolio management profession
-CAPM: Certified Associate in project management
 Definition and Meaning

• Have you ever being involved in developing a

Project
• Who heard about project management?
• Have you managed projects?
• What would you like to know?
What is Project.

• A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a

unique product, service, or result.
• The temporary nature of projects indicates that a project has
a definite beginning and end.
• The end is reached when the project’s objectives have
been achieved or when the project is terminated because
its objectives will not or cannot be met, or when the need
for the project no longer exists.
Definition and Meaning

Why are projects at heart of

• Temporary does not necessarily mean the what engineers do?
duration of the project is short. It refers to
the project’s engagement and its longevity. Project involves
• Temporary does not typically apply to the - Solve problems
product, service, or result created by the - Make decision
project; most projects are undertaken to
create a lasting outcome.
- Manage
• For example, a project to build a hybrid relationship
energy will create a result expected to last for - Communicate
centuries. Projects can also have social, with team
economic, and environmental impacts that far
outlive the projects themselves.
cont…

• project can involve a single  Product:

individual or multiple
individuals, a single  Service:
department of a given
Institution , or multiple
departments from multiple
Institution .  results:
Characteristics of a project
Has defined star and end date
Has specific objective to be completed with in certain specification
Has finding limits
It is likely to require the use of multiple resources
It has a work scope that can be categorized into definable tasks.
It may require the establishment of a special organization, or the
crossing of traditional organizational boundaries.
It has a life cycle, with a specific start and end.
Characteristics of Good projects
 A project should have fixed objectives which when achieved the project ceases to exist.
The objectives should be Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time bound
(SMART)
 Life span – The project has to come to an end. The end is spelt out in the objectives
 Team work or people participation unity project are made up of members belonging to
different fields and organization who come together and join efforts to achieve a common
goal.
 Uniqueness – Projects are always different. The location of the projects, the objectives
and the people make each project unique or different. (Environment, location, agencies
member)

Unity of diversity – The complex set of varieties remain inter-related for the project to be
completed i.e. people, culture, ethics, equipment, materials, technology etc must all be
integrated together for the project to be successive
Cont.…
 Change – A project changes throughout its life cycle. Some of the changes may
not have any major impact while others change the entire cause of the project
 Life cycle – this is reflected by growth and maturity (terminate
 Risk and uncertainties – every kind of project will have to be faced with
uncertainty
 Successive principle – the details of the project get finalized successively with
the passage of time.
 Made to order – it is always made to the order of its customers who stipulate
the various requirements and puts constraints

• High levels of sub-contracting- normally in most projects around 80 % of

project is done through sub-contracting.
Definition and Meaning

• Good project management • Consequences of poor project

address: management are:
 
Enterprise Environment factor

The Project will be influenced by:

 Organizational culture, structure and
governance
 Geographical distribution of resources
 Corporate knowledge base
 Infrastructure
 Existing human resources

 Other factors
Project management

• What is Project Management

• The application of knowledge, skills
tools, and techniques to project
activities to meet the project
requirements” (PMBoK, 4th Ed, 2008
 Project management is a set of methods and
tools designed to enable organizations to plan,
manage and achieve the set goals and
objectives
• The planning, monitoring and control of
all aspects of a project and the
motivation of all those involved in it to
achieve the project objectives on time
and to specified cost, quality and
performance” (British Standard BS6079,
1996).
Importance of project management

. 1) It
ensures adherence to the set goals and objectives
2. Helps the organization to achieve its goals and objectives
3. It helps the project to complete its activities within the given
period of time
4. It helps the project to accomplish its objectives within the
given budget
5. It enhances sustainability of a project
6. Helps in mobilization of resources
7. Ensures efficient and effective use of resources allocated for
the project.
Program Management

• A program is defined as a group of related projects,

subprograms, and program activities managed in a
coordinated way to obtain benefits not available from
managing them individually
• For example, water improvement program undertaken
by the Ministry of Water Resources may include water
distribution project, excavation project etc.
• A project may or may not be part of a program but a
program will always have projects
Cont..

• Program management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools,

and techniques to a program in order to meet the program
requirements and to obtain benefits and control not available by
managing projects individually
• Projects within a program are related through the common outcome
or collective capability
• If the relationship between projects is only that the beneficiaries are
the same, technology or resource, the effort should be managed as a
portfolio of projects rather than as a program
Managing a project typically includes,
but is not limited to
1. Identifying requirements;
2. Addressing the various needs, concerns, and
expectations of the stakeholders in planning and
executing the project;
3. Setting up, maintaining, and carrying out
communications among stakeholders that are active,
effective, and collaborative in nature;
Cont..
4. Managing stakeholders towards meeting project requirements and
creating project deliverables;
5. Balancing the competing project constraints, which include, but are
not limited to scope, quality, schedule, budget, resources and risks.
• The specific project characteristics and circumstances can influence
the constraints on which the project management team needs to
focus.
• The relationship among these factors is such that if any one factor
changes, at least one other factor is likely to be affected
program/portfolio

•Portfolio management aligns with organizational

strategies by selecting the right
•programs or projects, prioritizing the work, and providing
the needed resources.
•Portfolios are a collection of any of the following:
•Projects
•Programs
•Sub-portfolios
•Operations managed as a group to achieve strategic
objectives
Project Management/Program Management
 Project Management Office

• PMO: is department that centralized the management of project.

• PMO: is the management structure that standardizes the project
related government and facilitates resources sharing.
Project Management Process
Project Management Process
Project Management Process

• Initiation
kkZ
Project Management Process

• Planning Stage: Planning the • What does this picture

work indicate
• If you fail to plan , you are
planning to fail projects
• Proper planning prevents poor
project performance.
• Having a list of activities and
sub activities with each
cost/resources and duration
Project Management Process

• Execution/Implementation • Monitoring and Controlling

• Doing the work
 the knowledge Areas of Project management
 Knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop. The
Project Management Institute (PMI) identified ten knowledge areas that a successful
project manager should have:
• Scope Management
• Time Management
• Cost Management
• Quality Management
• Communications Management
• Risk Management
• Procurement Management
• Stakeholders management
• Resources Management
• Integration Management
Cont..

• Four core knowledge areas lead to specific project

objectives (scope, time, cost, and quality).
• Five facilitating knowledge areas are the means through
which the project objectives are achieved (human
resources, communication, risk, procurement
management and stakeholders’ management)
• One knowledge area (project integration management)
affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge
areas.)
 the project success factors

• A project is said to be successful when the following requirements are satisfied

• Completed within allocated time frame.
• Clear vision and objectives
• - Customer Requirements satisfied/exceeded.
• Stakeholder involvement
• Executive management support
• - Completed within allocated budget.
• - Accepted by the customer
• Realistic expectations
 the project stakeholder

• Stakeholder(s): “A person or group of people who have an interest in the success

of an organization and the environment in which the organization operates(fire1.4)
• Stakeholders are people or organizations:
• - With an interest in the project.
• - Who can affect a project?
• - Who may be affected by a project
the project stakeholder

• Typical Stakeholders: It is necessary to manage stakeholders

• - Funding Body. through identifying the following:
• - Customers. - Identify them, classify them, build a
picture of how they feel towards your
• - Suppliers.
• project and why
• - End Users.
 Monitor and constantly update your
• - Shareholders. awareness.
• - Lobbies. • - Use this knowledge to create and
• - Government Agencies. maintain:
• - Neighbors. • o Your Communications Plan.
• - Community. • o Your Risk Management Plan.
• o Your Overall Project Plan.
Principle aspects of a project /Triangle/Constrains

1. Cost Considerations

2. Time Considerations

3. Scope Consideration
1) Cost Considerations

• Costs include the money and resources required to complete

the project, including people, equipment, and materials
• Funding agencies usually wants the project at the lowest
cost possible
• The budget for the project is approved based on the scope
and schedule
cont.…

• The cost of the project is influenced by:

1. Specifications of the end products - as levels of
performance, quality, and reliability.
2. Compliance with governmental, institutional, or internal
standards.
3. Technical requirements and administrative needs as
institution’s financial policies.
4. Availability of resources with the appropriate skill.
• For example, if qualified electrical Engineers are not available when needed, it may
be necessary to contract with electrical Engineering consulting firms outside at an
extra cost
2) Time Considerations

• The project schedule is easy to measure and is often given more

attention than cost and scope
• Funding agencies usually wants the project NOW
• Funding agencies might choose speed over cost and quality
• Project managers must balance the schedule with the project scope,
budget, and resources available
• Project managers must establish performance standards to determine
how schedule performance will be measured
.
3) Scope Considerations

• A good scope statement clearly defines all the work that must be
performed to deliver a product, service, or result with the specified
features, functions, and level of quality
• It describes what will and will not be completed at the end of the
project
• A complete scope statement includes technical specifications,
performance requirements, facilities requirements, ground rules,
constraints, procedures, logistics, safety regulations, security issues,
and environmental considerations
• The scope statement should also consider how this project will
change the way the Ministry does its businesses
cont..

• The scope statement identifies the quality standards that are relevant
to the project and establishes performance standards to determine
how to measure quality and compliance with scope specifications
• Scope is often the most difficult project feature to define, and the
most difficult to agree upon
• The project scope must be balanced with the time, budget, and
resources available
Principle aspects of a project /Triangle/Constrains

• Increased Scope = increased time + increased cost

• Tight Time = increased costs + reduced scope
• Tight Budget = increased time + reduced scope
PMI Ethics

• What is PMI Ethics

A system of Moral principle that we live

 The Rule of conduct
The way we treat other people
Area of Ethical concern

Conflict of Interest
Environmental And Safety
Quality And Product liability
Honesty and Truthfulness
Bribery And Compliance
Ownership
Ethics Levels Standards
 Four Standards for PMI® Code of Ethics

1)1

1) Responsibility
• Take ownership for all decisions regardless of outcome
Make decisions and take actions based on the interests of
society, public
safety, and the environment
Accept only those assignments consistent with our back
ground, experience, skills and qualifications
Protect confidential and proprietary information
Fulfill our commitments
cont..

2) Respect
Show a high regard for yourself, others, and the
resources entrusted to you
Diverse perspectives and views are encouraged and
valued
Negotiate in good faith
Do not use our position to the benefit of ourselves at
the expense of others
cont..

3) Fairness
Make decisions and act impartially and objectively free from
competition, self
interest, prejudice, and favoritism
Disclose any conflicts of interest
4) Honest
Understand the truth and act truthful in manner in both
communication and
behavior
Brain storm question

• define Project Management

• Define Projects
• Discuss Characteristics of a project
• List the Principle aspects of a project /Triangle/Constrains
• list the knowledge Areas of Project management
• discuss the different project/program/portfolio
• tell Project process
• Define Ethics
• Four Standards for PMI® Code of Ethics