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Rms Polytechnic: Prepared By: Priyanka Patel
Rms Polytechnic: Prepared By: Priyanka Patel
The gravity force is responsible for the motion of solid fluid through
the liquid.
USES:
Purification of lubricating industries
Pharmaceutical Industries
Clearing of fats and waxes
Paint Industries
Fractionation of blord
Chemical and Food Industries
CYCLONE SEPARATOR:
A Cyclone Separator is essentially a settling chamber in which the
gravitational separating force is replaced by a much stronger
centrifugal separating force.
Cyclone separator are used for the separation of solids from fluids.
The often one of the least expensive means of dust collection.
They utilize a centrifugal force to effect the separation which
depends on particle size and or on particle density.
So cyclones are used to effect a separation on the basis of particle
size or particle density or both.
CONSTRUCTION:
It consists of a tapering cylindrical vessel. i.e. a cylindrical vessel
consists of a top vertical section and lower conical section
terminating in an apex opening.
A short vertical cylinder which is closed by a flat plate on top and
by a conical bottom which is shown in figure.
It is provided with a tangential feed inlet nozzle in the cylindrical
section near the top and outlet for the gas, centrally on the top.
The outlet is provided with a downward extended pipe.
A pipe that extend inwards into the cylindrical section, to prevent
the gas short circulating directly from the inlet to the outlet and for
cutting the vortex.
WORKING:
Cyclone separator much work like a centrifuge and continues feed
of dirty air.
In this separator, Used for the separation of dust from gases, the dust
laden gas is introduced tangentially in a cylindrical vessel at high
velocity.(30 m/s)
Centrifugal force throws the solid particles out against the wall of
the vessel and they drop into a conical section of a cyclone separator
and removed from the bottom opening.
The clean gas is taken out through a central outlet at the top.
Cyclones are widely used for collecting heavy and coarse dust.
This units may also be used for separating coarse materials from the
dust.
EFFICIENCY OF CYCLONE:
Cyclone Efficiency η, is defined as the fraction of particles of a
given size that is retained by the cyclone.
η = 1 / 1+ {(dpc +dp)2 }
Here, dpc = cut diameter, dp = diameter of particle interest
Both units are in mm.
TERMINAL SETTLING VELOCITY:
Terminal settling velocity is maximum velocity attainable by an object as it
falls through a fluid.(Air is most common example).
It occurs when the sum of the drag force (Fd) and the boundary is equal to
the downward force of gravity (Fg) acting on the object.
In fluid mechanics, an objet is moving at its terminal velocity, if its speed is
constant due to the resisting force exerted by the fluid through which it is
moving.
Ʋ = √2*m*g/ρAC
Where, ρ=Density, ʋ=Terminal velocity, A=Projected Area, C=Drag
coefficient, g=Gravity, m=Mass
STOKE’S LAW:
The rate of sedimentation of particles can be determined by stoke’s law.
The force of viscosity on an small sphere moving through an viscous fluid is
given by,
Fd = 6∏μRv
Where, Fd=Frictional force, μ=Dynamic viscosity, R=radius of spherical
object, v=Flow velocity
Stoke’s law make following assumptions for the behavior of the
particle in fluid
Laminar flow
Spherical particle
Homogeneous (Uniform in composition material)
Smooth surface
Particles do not interfere with each other
NEWTON’S LAW OF GRAVITATION:
Newton’s law of gravitation is usually stated as that every particle
attracts every other particle in the universe with a force that is
directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.