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  • Cadaster Chapter 2

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    surafela minale
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    This document defines boundaries and their functions. It discusses how land surveying is used to establish boundaries and subdivide land. Key points include: - Boundaries mark the limits of land and help define property rights and resolve disputes. - Land surveying establishes and maps boundaries, subdivides land, and provides legal descriptions of parcels. - Corners and monuments physically mark points along boundaries and come in different types, like marking corners, witness corners, and meander corners. They can be natural or artificial and help identify boundaries.

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    cadastral survey

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    cadaster chapter 2

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    This document defines boundaries and their functions. It discusses how land surveying is used to establish boundaries and subdivide land. Key points include: - Boundaries mark the limits of land and help define property rights and resolve disputes. - Land surveying establishes and maps boundaries, subdivides land, and provides legal descriptions of parcels. - Corners and monuments physically mark points along boundaries and come in different types, like marking corners, witness corners, and meander corners. They can be natural or artificial and help identify boundaries.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    50 views15 pages

    Cadaster Chapter 2

    Uploaded by

    surafela minale
    This document defines boundaries and their functions. It discusses how land surveying is used to establish boundaries and subdivide land. Key points include: - Boundaries mark the limits of land and help define property rights and resolve disputes. - Land surveying establishes and maps boundaries, subdivides land, and provides legal descriptions of parcels. - Corners and monuments physically mark points along boundaries and come in different types, like marking corners, witness corners, and meander corners. They can be natural or artificial and help identify boundaries.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 15

    Boundary concept

     Boundary can be defined in different ways; some of the definitions are as follows:
     Line of demarcation between adjoining tracts of land
     Any line or thing marking a limit
     Line or object indicating the limits or further extent of a tract of land or territory.
     A separating or dividing line between countries, states ,districts of territory or a
    tract of land
    Functions of Boundaries:

     Boundaries serve as lines of division form international and state boundaries to


    simple lot line in urban areas. Property boundaries are needed to define the areas.
    Property boundaries are needed to define the area extent of state rights and its
    obligations
    Cont.…

     They are essential in maintenance of good will and cordial relations in community
    life. Hence, these boundaries should be reliably delineated, indefinite property
    lines can lead to disputes and controversy.
     Poorly defined boundaries and conflicting descriptions of properties leads to
    troubles which are further compounded by frequent subdivision.
    Land Surveying in boundary
    demarcation
     Land Surveying Comprises of determination of the location of land boundaries
    and drawing of plats portraying the subdivision of tracts of land in to smaller
    parcels. It deals with land boundaries. If the term boundary surveying is employed
    its usage is frequently restricted of surveys of boundaries.
     A land survey boundary is a line of demarcation between adjoining tracts of land.
    A boundary land between privately owned parcels of land is called property line.
    Hence, property surveying can be said to be synonymous to land surveying,
    Function of land surveying

    land surveys are made for one of the following purposes:


     To reestablish the boundaries of a section of land that has been previously
    surveyed
     To subdivide a tract of land in to smaller parts.
     To obtain the data needed for writing the legal description of a parcel of land
     Locating described boundaries on the ground,
     Obtaining data for deed description, Calculating areas,
     Securing information for wills, mortgages, Tax assessment, Condemnation for
    public use
    corners

     The term corner has two meanings


    Corner refers to a fixed point on the ground by
    measurement along a line form another established
    point by the intersection of established lines.

    It refers to a physical object or marker, which


    serves as a more or less permanent monument at a
    given point
    Cont.…

     Corner can also be defined as: a point established on the ground or a point
    established by a surveyor or by an agreement between adjacent property owners
    and refers to the physical object or marker

     The “corners” of the public land surveys are those points that determine the
    boundaries of the various subdivisions represented on the official plat
    Kinds of Corners

    The term corner can be defined in different ways and has different purposes.
    Depending up on their purposes of location corners can be categorized in to the
    following kinds.
     Marking corner
     Witness corner
     Meander corner
    Cont.…

     When there is a chance of loosing the monuments un deliberately, witness corners


    are used to describe them
     Witness corners may be iron pipes (others) placed at a convenient distance in
    more protected locations & described in surveyor’s note book. Witness corners
    explains the actual corner with a known distance or direction from it.
    Monuments

     The terms “corner” and “monument” are not interchangeable. A corner designates
    a point established by a survey or by agreements between adjacent property
    owners where as the term monument indicates the object placed to mark the
    corner point on the surface of the earth
    Cont.….

     Monuments of public land survey have included the


    deposit of some durable memorial, a marked wooden
    stake or post, a marked stone, an iron post having an
    inscribed cap, a marked tablet set in sold rock or in a
    concrete block, a marked tree, a rock in place marked
    with a cross (X) at the exact corner point, and other
    special types of markers, some of which are more
    substantial; any of these is termed as “monument”
    Cont.…

    Monuments are classified as Natural, Artificial, Record or Legal.


     Natural monuments can be natural Features such as: rocks, trees, springs and so
    on.

     Artificial monument are artificial objects such as iron pipes driven on the ground,
    posts of concrete or stone, mounds of stone, wooden stakes with some more
    permanent material such as charcoal or glass
    Cont.…

     Record monuments exist because of a reference in deed or description. Example –


    The phrase in a deed: “to the side line of the street” is a call for a record
    monument (the street).A legal monument is controlling in the description. “To a
    concrete post” is a call to legal monument “To Johnson’s property line” is a call to
    a legal record monument. Natural monuments control over artificial monuments
    and record monuments
    Cont.…

     While establishing property monuments/


    monuments the surveyor should establish them so
    carefully that their obliteration is unlikely. They
    should be referenced in such a manner that they
    may be replaced easily and economically if they
    are obliterated.
    Terms related to monuments

     If the property line/ corner can be established without any difficulty / doubts,
    monuments are said to be exist
     If the position of a monument is lost but can be re-established with the help of
    other information (like witness corners or description given) monument is said to
    be obliterated.
     If the position can not be found it is called lost

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