STATES, NATION and GLOBALIZATION

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STATES, NATION
and
GLOBALIZATION
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State, Nation and Globalization
 This lesson presents the future role of the

state, nations, and globalization in political
processes. Moreover, give students a
profound understanding of the evolution of
globalization and the ever changing structure
of nation and state.
Concept of State
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 Taken from the Latin word stare means “to stand”.
 State is a political community that occupies a definite

territory.
 Having an organized government with the authority to make
and enforce laws w/out the consent of higher authority.
 Self-governing political entity.
Elements of the State
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• PEOPLE
- Also known as population or inhabitants.
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• TERRITORY
- Refers to the portion of the which
composed of aerial (air space above),
fluvial (waters around and connecting
the islands of the archipelago), and
terrestrial (landmass) domains.
Maritime terms:
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• TERRITORIAL SEA
- Coastal states have sovereignty, including
exclusive fishing rights (12 nautical miles)
• CONTIGUOUS ZONE
- Coastal states can enforce its customs,
immigration, and sanitation laws and exercise
“hot pursuit” out of its territorial waters. (24
nautical miles)
Maritime terms:
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• EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE

- State has recognized rights to
explore, exploit, conserve, and
manage the natural resources (200
nautical miles)
Maritime terms:
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• CONTINENTAL SHELF
- Countries have exclusive rights to
natural resources up to 350 nm.
• HIGH SEAS
- Beyond EEZ “ the common heritage
of humankind.”
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• SOVEREIGNTY
- Refers to supreme and absolute power
within its territorial boundaries.
Types of Sovereignty
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• Internal
- The power of state to rule within its
territory.
• External
- The freedom of the state to carry out its
activities without subjection to control by
other states.
Characteristics Sovereignty
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• Absolute from legal point of view

• Permanent
• Universal
• Inalienable
• Cannot be divided between or shared by
plurality
• Exclusive
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• GOVERNMENT
- Institution
- Agency
- Instrumentalities
- Maintains social order, provide public
services, and enforces binding decision.
Forms of Government
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• DISTRIBUTION OF POWER
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
Direction of
power
Political
units
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a) UNITARY GOVERNMENT POWER – held by one central
authority. (Philippines, Denmark, Italy, Finland, Peru,
Rwanda.)
b) CONFEDERATION – voluntary association of
independent states that often only delegate a few powers
to the central government. (soviet union)
c) FEDERAL GOVERNMENT POWER – Divided between
one central and several regional authorities. (Malaysia,
USA, Nigeria, Australia)
Forms of Government
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• CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
a. Autocracy
 wherein one person possesses unlimited
power.
 Citizen has limited role in government.
 Leader is from the member of the family
 Monarchy
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Forms of Autocracy Government

• Absolute or Totalitarian Dictatorship
 Ideas of single leader glorified.

 Control all the aspects of social and
economic life.
 Not responsible to the people
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Forms of Autocracy Government

• Absolute Monarchy
 King, queen, and emperor exercise the

power.
 Europe and Saudi Arabia
Forms of Government
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b. Oligarchy
 Government by the few

 Small group exercises control, especially
for corrupt and selfish purposes
 Military power, social power, wealth,
religion, or a combination.
Forms of Government
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c. Democracy
 Based on the consent of the governed

 People are sovereign
 Freedom
 People have a high degree of participation in
every government processes
Forms of Government
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• LEGITIMACY
a. De jure
 Peoples’ support and posses constitutional

mandate.
b. De facto
 Supported by people but no constitutional mandate

or legal support.
Forms of Government
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• EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE

RELATIONSHIP
a. Presidential
 Executive branch
 President
 Election
Forms of Government
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• EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE RELATIONSHIP
b. Parliamentary
 a system of government having the real
executive power vested in a cabinet
composed of members of the legislature who
are individually and collectively responsible to
the legislature.
 Prime minister, premier, chancellor
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Origin of the State
1. EVOLUTION THEORY
States evolved from family unit

Eventually evolved into tribal councils
with a hierarchy of authority.
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Origin of the State
2. FORCE THEORY
States emerged from the conquest of

other families or tribes
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Origin of the State
3. DIVINE RIGHT
Belief that kings are chosen to rule

the Ancient state by a deity.
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Origin of the State
4. SOCIAL CONTRACT
People begin to challenge the

monarchy and the idea of Divine
Right
Originz of the State according to Philosophers
THOMAS HOBBES
 Out of this condition, the state was born

 Men lived in the a primitive society where
there is war “ of every man, against every
man.”
JOHN LOCKE
 Man produce a standing rule to live by

 Man sought peace and preservation of all
humanity
JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU
 Good person was corrupted

 Society is ruled by greed, lust, and violence
 Nation-state got worse
 Consensus knew as the General Will
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INHERENT POWERS OF STATE
1. POLICE POWER
 Power of the states, to regulate freedoms and

property rights of individuals for the protection.
 Promotion of the public convenience and
general prosperity.
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2. EMINENT DOMAIN
 Power of state to take private property for

public use payment of just compensation.
 Exercised through national and local
government
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3. TAXATION
 Power to impose tax on individuals and

properties to support government.
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 Tax – lifeblood of government.
 Uniform taxation – persons or things
belonging to the same class shall be taxed at
the same rate.
 Equitable taxation – the taxpayers’ capacity
to pay.
 Progressive taxation – as the resources of
taxpayer becomes higher his rates likewise
increase.
Concept of Nation (Anderson 1991, Poggi 2008)
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 The social construction of collective

identity.
 Defined as a group of people who share
the same history, geography, language,
customs and sometimes religion.
 It said to be imagined because members
have a mental image of their affinity.
Concept of Nation
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 NATION-STATE
 Conscious of a common identity and same with the

same culture.
 An area where the cultural boundaries match up
with political boundaries.
 Exist if nearly all the members of a single nation
where organized in a single state, without any other
national communities being present.
Nation-state
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Defined boarders and territories
Same type of people exist
Organized by race or background
Generally speaks on language

Distinction between the State and Nation (Murali,
et.al. 2005)
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STATE NATION
 Exited not only at present bur also in  Modern phenomenon.

the ancient period.
 it is legal political.  It is racial cultural.
 People organized for law within a  People psychologically joined together

definite territory. with common will to live together
 State must be sovereign.  People continue as a nation even if
they do not remain sovereign.
 Inhabited by heterogeneous group of  Inhabited by homogenous groups of
people. people.
Concept of Globalization
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 Globalization
 Also known as Global Industrialism.

 Process of forging international political,
economic, religious, and socio-cultural
interconnections.
 Integration
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STATES, NATION and GLOBALIZATION

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STATES, NATION and GLOBALIZATION

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z

 This lesson presents the future role of the

 Taken from the Latin word stare means “to stand”.

 State is a political community that occupies a definite

• EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE

• Absolute from legal point of view

Forms of Autocracy Government

 Ideas of single leader glorified.

Forms of Autocracy Government

 King, queen, and emperor exercise the

 Government by the few

 Based on the consent of the governed

 Peoples’ support and posses constitutional

 Supported by people but no constitutional mandate

• EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE

• EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE RELATIONSHIP

States evolved from family unit

States emerged from the conquest of

Belief that kings are chosen to rule

People begin to challenge the

 Out of this condition, the state was born

 Man produce a standing rule to live by

 Good person was corrupted

 Power of the states, to regulate freedoms and

 Power of state to take private property for

 Power to impose tax on individuals and

 The social construction of collective

 Conscious of a common identity and same with the

Same type of people exist

Organized by race or background

Generally speaks on language

 Exited not only at present bur also in  Modern phenomenon.

 it is legal political.  It is racial cultural.

 People organized for law within a  People psychologically joined together

 Also known as Global Industrialism.

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