THE

CONTEMPORARY
WORLD
The Global Interstate System
Prepared by:
Ma. Janda Ira Felina M. Benedictos
Instructor 1
Philippine Merchant Marine Academy
 The Global Interstate System
• State
– A compulsory political organization with continuous
operations
– If and in so as its administrative staff successfully upholds a
claim to the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical
force in the enforcement of its order (Weber, 1997)
– Independent political communities each of which
possesses a government and asserts sovereignty in
relation to a particular portion of the earth’s surface and a
particular segment of the human population (Bull, 1995)
 The Global Interstate System
• Nation
– Historically emphasized organic ties that hold groups of
people together and inspire senses of loyalty and
belonging. Whether the basis of nationalism is:
• Ethnic
• Civic
• Psychological
Whether the political communities in question have a
dominant culture or have evolved into multiethnic, cross
cultural societies
 The Global Interstate System
• Nation
– Today nations are viewed as socially constructed political
communities that hold together citizens across many kinds
of cross cutting identities:
• Ethnicity
• Language
• Religion etc.
 The Global Interstate System
• Nation vs. state
– Qua states, nation-states are territorial organizations
characterized by the monopolization of legitimate violence
– Qua nations, nation-sates are membership associations
with a collective identity and a democratic pretension to
rule
 The Global Interstate System
• Nationalism
– Primarily a political principle, which holds that the
political and the national unit should be congruent
– Factors that disrupted nationalism:
• Globalization
• International migration
• Diasporas
• Rise of multicultural societies
 The Global Interstate System
• The state in a World of Economic
Interdependence
• Golden Straitjacket
– Thomas referred the Washington Consensus
as a golden straitjacket
– It describes how states are not forced into
policies that suit the preferences of
investment housed and corporate executives
(Electronic Herd)
 The Global Interstate System
• The state in a World of Economic
Interdependence
• Electronic Herd
– Investment houses and corporate executives who
swiftly move money and resources into countries
favored as adaptable to the demands of
international business and withdraw even more
rapidly from countries that are deemed
uncompetitive
 The Global Interstate System
• The state in a World of Economic
Interdependence
– Laissez fare economics
• Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman
• Created the conditions for deregulation, privatization
and free trade to spread around the world
• Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher are supporters
of the Laissez Fare Economics
 The Global Interstate System
• The state in a World of Economic
Interdependence
– Laissez fare economics
• Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman
• Created the conditions for deregulation, privatization
and free trade to spread around the world
• Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher are supporters
of the Laissez Fare Economics
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• International Law and Universal
Policies
– United Nations
– International Criminal Court
– Trangovernmental networks
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• Transnational Activism
– Opened up new points of interaction between
domestic politics and international relations
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• Global Governance
– Is seen as a field of opportunity to maximize one’s
interests rather than a new context in which
political institutions share governance around
common projects
 The Global Interstate System
• In conclusion Globalization has a great
effect on states. Globalization has shaped
states and in turn states has shaped
Globalization
• The costs and benefits of Globalization are
unevenly distributed
• States are now in competition because of
globalization
 The Global Interstate System
• States govern the world’s leading
international organizations the
United Nations, World Trade
Organization
• Globalization has sparked competing
dynamics of power diffusion and
power consolidation
 Reference:
• Chapter 17 of textbook: “The Rise of the Global
Corporation” by Deane Neubauer
• Chapter 7 of textbook: “Governments and
Citizens in a Globally Interconnected World of
States” by Hans Schattle
• Mazower, Mark. 2006. “An International
Civilization? Empire, Internationalism and the
Crisis of the Mid-Twentieth Century.”
International Affairs 82(3): 553–566.
 THE
CONTEMPORARY
WORLD
Global Governance
 Global Governance
• Global Governance
– The sum of laws, norms, policies and
institutions that define, constitute and
mediate trans-border relations between
states, cultures, citizens, intergovernmental
and non-governmental organizations and
the market- the wielders and the objects of
the exercise of international public power
 Global Governance

•Governance
–Purposeful systems of rules or
norms that ensure order beyond
what occurs naturally
–That is why Global governance is
a ruled-based order without
government
 GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
• The United Nations
– The United Nations is an international
organization founded in 1945. It is currently
made up of 193 Member States. The
mission and work of the United Nations are
guided by the purposes and principles
contained in its founding Charter.
 GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
Article 1 The Purposes of the United Nations are:
1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective
collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and
for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to
bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice
and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or
situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;
2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of
equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate
measures to strengthen universal peace;
3. To achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an
economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and
encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all
without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and
4. To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these
common ends.
 GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
Article 2 The Organization and its Members, in pursuit of the
Purposes stated in Article 1, shall act in accordance with the
following Principles.
1. The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign
equality of all its Members.
2. All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and
benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfill in good faith
the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the
present Charter.
3. All Members shall settle their international disputes by
peaceful means in such a manner that international peace
and security, and justice, are not endangered
 GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
4. All Members shall refrain in their international relations from
the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or
political independence of any state, or in any other manner
inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.
5. All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance in
any action it takes in accordance with the present Charter,
and shall refrain from giving assistance to any state against
which the United Nations is taking preventive or
enforcement action.
6. 6. The Organization shall ensure that states which are not
Members of the United Nations act in accordance with these
Principles so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of
international peace and security.
 GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
7. Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the
United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially
within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require
the Members to submit such matters to settlement under
the present Charter; but this principle shall not prejudice the
application of enforcement measures under Chapter VII.
 GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
The UN is divided into 5 active organs:
 The General Assembly
 Main deliberative policymaking and representative organ
 Security Council
 Made up of 15 member states 10 are voted and 5 are permanent
states namely: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the
United States
 Economic and Social Council
 is the principal body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue
and recommendations on economic, social and environmental issues,
as well as implementation of internationally agreed development
goals.
 GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
The UN is divided into 5 active organs:
 International Criminal Court
 The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the
United Nations. Its seat is at the Peace Palace in the Hague
(Netherlands). It is the only one of the six principal organs of the
United Nations not located in New York (United States of America).
The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal
disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on
legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and
specialized agencies.
 GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
The UN is divided into 5 active organs:
 Secretariat
 The Secretariat comprises the Secretary-General and tens of
thousands of international UN staff members who carry out the day-
to-day work of the UN as mandated by the General Assembly and the
Organization's other principal organs. The Secretary-General is chief
administrative officer of the Organization, appointed by the General
Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council for a five-
year, renewable term. UN staff members are recruited internationally
and locally, and work in duty stations and on peacekeeping missions
all around the world. But serving the cause of peace in a violent world
is a dangerous occupation. Since the founding of the United Nations,
hundreds of brave men and women have given their lives in its
service.
 GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
Meeting the Challenges of Global Governance in the 21st Century
 Multilateralism no longer concerns governments alone but is now
multifaceted, involving many constituencies; the UN must develop new
skills to service this new way of working;
 It must become an outward-looking or network organization, catalyzing
the relationships needed to get strong results and not letting the
traditions of its formal processes be barriers;
 It must strengthen global governance by advocating universality, inclusion,
participation and accountability at all levels; and
 It must engage more systematically with world public opinion to become
more responsive, to help shape public attitudes and to bolster support for
multilateralism.
 GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
Conclusion
 States still have a great role in terms of implementing the
recommendations of International Organizations. Most states still wants to
address their problems internally but State policy-making processes have
been internationalized and often globalized.
 The United Nations is an “intellectual actor” of global governance they
identify and diagnose problems; develop norms and formulate
recommendations