TRAINING ON MSDS

WELCOME TO MY PRESENTATION
Prepared & Presented By:

1.Ashraf Daiyan
In-Charge HSE
2.Barkat Ullah
TM HSE

Department of HSE
Date: 25.07.2018
 Training Objectives
MSDS, HINTS FOR
SURVIVAL

To be familiar with Material Safety Data Sheet

(MSDS) To understand the importance of MSDS
To be familiar with different MSDS format
To be familiar with ANSI,NFPA, HMIS, HAZCOM ETC.
ct
To be familiar with the safety signs about chemical
hazard
 CONTENT
Part-A
 Definition of MSDS
 Importance of MSDS
 Standard Format of MSDS
 How to Read an MSDS

Part-B
 Technical Terms Used in
MSDS
Part-C
 Discussion
 PART-A: Definition Of MSDS
A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a well organized document
that contains all information about a given chemical.
It includes name, composition, hazards, first aid measures, fire fighting
measures, information regarding the proper steps to take with
spills, handling and storage, personal protection to be used, physical and
chemical properties, and information about stability &
reactivity, toxicology, disposal, transporting, and regulatory requirements.

MSDS is analogous to the manual of an instrument/equipment. Just look at the manual

of any household electronic item. What the manual contains? The manual contains the
Manufacturer Identity, Technical specification, Operating Instruction, Maintenance or
Trouble Shooting Instruction, Safety Instruction etc.

Every quality software must have well organized documentation or help desk which give
all information about the software. This is also analogous to the MSDS.
Just press F 1 key in your keyboard. You will get help supplied by the software producer.
PART-A: Importance Of MSDS

Please observe the picture carefully, then you will get a quick overview about the importance of
MSDS. All necessary tools and guidelines are clearly defined in MSDS to response in an
emergency situation
 PART-A: Standard Formats Of MSDS
MSDS are available in different formats. Although the appearance
are different but the contents are almost same. We will discuss on
some of them which are most extensively followed by various
industry.

OSHA FORMAT
ANSI FORMAT
NFPA FORMAT
HMIS FORMAT
R & S PHRASES
 PART-A: OSHA Standards For MSDS
The standards for MSDS specified by the Occupational Safety And
Health Administration (OSHA) is organized in 9 sections. These are
as follows:
Section I : Supplier Information
Section II : Hazardous Ingredients / Identity
Information
Section III
Section : Physical and Chemical Properties

IV : Fire and Explosion Hazard Data

Section V : Reactivity Data

Section VI : Health Hazard Data

Section VII : Precautions for Safe Handling and Use

Section VIII : Control Measures

: Shipping Information
PART-A: OSHA MSDS (Example)

Section I: Supplier Information

Section II: Hazardous

Ingredients / Identity Information

Section III: Physical and Chemical

Properties

Section IV: Fire and Explosion

Hazard Data

Section V: Reactivity Data

PART-A: OSHA MSDS (Example – cont’d)

Section VI: Health Hazard

Data

Section VII: Precautions For

Safe Handling and Use

Section VIII: Control Measures

Section IX: Shipping Information

 PART-A: ANSI Standards For MSDS
The standards for MSDS specified by the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) is organized in 16 sections. These are
as follows:

SECTION 01 : PRODUCT & COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

SECTION 02 : COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
SECTION 03 : HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
SECTION 04 : FIRST AID MEASURES
SECTION 05 : FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
SECTION 06 : ACCIDENTAL REALESE
MEASURES
SECTION 07 : INFORMATION ABOUT HANDLING AND STORAGE
SECTION 08 : EXPOSURE CONTROL / PERSONAL PROTECTION
SECTION 09 : PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
SECTION 10 : STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
SECTION 11 : TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
SECTION 12 : ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
SECTION 13 : DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
SECTION 14 : TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SECTION 15 : REGULATORY INFORMATION
SECTION 16 : OTHER INFORMATION
PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 1 - 2)

SECTION 01 : PRODUCT & COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

SECTION 02 : COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION - 3)

SECTION 03 : HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 4- 5)

SECTION 04 : FIRST AID MEASURES

SECTION 05 : FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 6 - 7)

SECTION 06 : ACCIDENTAL REALESE MEASURES

SECTION 07 : INFORMATION ABOUT HANDLING AND STORAGE

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 8 )

SECTION 08 :
EXPOSURE CONTROL / PERSONAL PROTECTION
PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 9 - 10 )

SECTION 09 : PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

SECTION 10 : STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 11 )

SECTION 11 : TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 12-13 )

SECTION 12 : ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

SECTION 13 : DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 14-15 )

SECTION 14 : TRANSPORT INFORMATION

SECTION 15 : REGULATORY INFORMATION

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 16 )

SECTION 16 : OTHER INFORMATION

PART-A: NFPA STANDARDS FOR MSDS

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has developed a system for indicating
the health, flammability and reactivity hazards of chemical in a diamond shaped
object called NFPA hazard rating diamond.

Fire Hazard

Health hazard 3 Reactivity Hazard

0 2

OX
Special Hazard

NFPA Hazard Rating Diamond

 PART-A: NFPA HAZARD RATING

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has developed a system for indicating
the health, flammability and reactivity hazards of chemical in a diamond shaped
object called NFPA hazard rating diamond.
Colors represent kind of hazard
Fire Hazard • Red = fire
• Yello = instability

Health hazard 3 Reactivity Hazard

w
• Blue
= health
= specific hazard
• White
& personal protection

0 2
Numbers show degree of hazard

OX • 0 = Minimal
• 1 = Slight
Special Hazard • 2 = Moderate
• 3 = Serious
NFPA Hazard Rating Diamond
• 4 = Severe
 PART-A: NFPA HAZARD RATING
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has developed a system for indicating
the health, flammability and reactivity hazards of chemical in a diamond shaped
object called NFPA hazard rating diamond.

Fire Hazard
White = specific hazard
• OX =
Health hazard 3 Reactivity Hazard
Oxidizer
• ACID = Acid
0 2 • ALK = Alkali
• COR =
OX Corrosive
water
• W = Use no
Special Hazard • Other symbols:

NFPA Hazard Rating Diamond

 PART-A: NFPA HAZARD RATING
0 = Minimal
1
1 = Slight
Health Hazard 3 3 2 = Moderate
Ox
3 = Serious
4 = Severe

Health Hazards
4 Very short exposure could cause death or serious residual injury even though prompt
medical attention was given.

3 Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury even though prompt
medical attention was given.
2 Intense or continued exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible
residual injury unless prompt medical attention is given.
1 Exposure could cause irritation but only minor residual injury even if no treatment
is given.
0 Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary
combustible materials.
 PART-A: NFPA HAZARD RATING
2
0 = Minimal
1 = Slight
Fire Hazard 1 3 2 = Moderate
Ox 3 = Serious
4 = Severe

Fire Hazards

4 Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal pressure and temperature, or is

readily dispersed in air and will burn readily.

3 Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient conditions.

2 Must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high temperature before

ignition can occur.

1 Must be preheated before ignition can occur.

0 Materials that will not burn.

 PART-A: NFPA HAZARD RATING
2 0 = Minimal
1 = Slight
Reactivity 1 3
2 = Moderate
Ox 3 = Serious
4 = Severe

Reactivity
4 Readily capable of detonation or of explosive decomposition or reaction at
normal temperatures and pressures.
3 Capable of detonation or explosive reaction, but requires a strong initiating source or
must be heated under confinement before initiation, or reacts explosively with water
.
2 Normally unstable and readily undergo violent decomposition but do not detonate.
Also: may react violently with water or may form potentially explosive mixtures
with water.
1 Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures
or may react with water with some release of energy, but not violently.

0 Materials that will not burn.

 PART-A: NFPA HAZARD RATING
0 = Minimal
1
1 = Slight
Special Hazards 3 3 2 = Moderate
3 = Serious
W
4 = Severe

Special Hazards
OX This denotes an oxidizer, a chemical which can greatly increase the rate
of combustion/fire.
ALK This denotes an alkaline material, also called a base. These caustic materials have a pH
greater than 7.0
COR This denotes a material that is corrosive (it could be either an acid or a base).

ACID This indicates that the material is an acid, a corrosive material that has a pH lower than
7.0

W This indicates a potential hazard using water to fight a fire involving this material.
PART-A: HMIS STANDARDS FOR MSDS
Hazardous Material Identification System (HMIS) has developed a system for
indicating the health, flammability and reactivity hazards of chemical in a Color bar
called HMIS Color Bar.

Rating : 0 -
4

Rating : 0 -
4

Rating : 0 -
4
HMIS Color Bar
Letter : A -
PART-A: HMIS STANDARDS FOR MSDS
Hazardous Material Identification System (HMIS) specified hazard ratings are almost
similar to that of the NFPA rating.

Colors represent kind of hazard

• Blue = Health
• Red = Flammability
• Orange =Physical Hazard
Rating: 0 -
• White = personal
4
protection
Rating: 0 - 4
Numbers show degree of hazard
• 0 = Minimal
Rating: 0 - • 1 = Slight
4
• 2 = Moderate
Letter: A - • 3 = Serious
Z
• 4 = Severe
HMIS Color Bar
PART-A: HMIS STANDARDS FOR MSDS
Hazardous Material Identification System (HMIS) specified Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) are as follows:

A safety glasses
B safety glasses and gloves
C safety glasses, gloves and an apron
D face shield, gloves and an apron
E safety glasses, gloves and a dust respirator
F safety glasses, gloves, apron and a dust respirator
G safety glasses, a vapor respirator
H splash goggles, gloves, apron and a vapor respirator
I safety glasses, gloves and a dust/vapor respirator
J splash goggles, gloves, apron and a dust/vapor respirator
K airline hood or mask, gloves, full suit and boots
L - Z custom PPE specified by employer
 PART-A: R (Risk) & S (Safety) Phrases
Using R & S phrases is another shorthand form of MSDS, where the Letter R (say R1,
R 1,12,14 etc) followed by one or more numbers specifying the Risk factor for a
given chemical and the letter S (say S2, S11,12,18 etc) followed by one or more
number specifying the Safety guidelines for the given chemical.

R (Risk) Phrase Example:

R1 : Explosive When dry
R12 : Extremely flammable
: Harmful if swallowed
R22 And so on…

S (Safety) Phrase Example:

S2 : Keep out of the reach of children
S9 : Keep container in a well ventilated place
S39 : Wear eye / face protection
And so on…
Customized MSDS at COBOL
PART-A: Reading the MSDS
ò Identity The chemical name,
trade name and manufacturers
name, address and emergency phone
number can be found here.
– Ingredients Includes:
substance,
% content, CAS (Chemical
Abstracts Service)
Number, Classification, EINECS
(European Inventory of
Existing Chemical Substances)
– Hazards Identification Dangers for
humans and the environment such
as:
Most important hazards & Specific hazards
PART-A: Reading the MSDS (Cont’d)

– Fire Fighting Suitable extinguishing

media, Unsuitable extinguishing
media, Special hazards in fire,
Required special protective
equipment for fire-fighters
ò Accidental Release Measures/Spill
Clean-up Personal precautions,
Environmental precautions, Methods
for cleaning
ò Handling and Storage
Exposure Controls and Personal
ò Protection
Information on proper PPE to use, how
to store and temperature limits
PART-A: Reading the MSDS (Cont’d)

– Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance, Odor, pH, Boiling point,
Melting point, Flashpoint, Explosive
properties, Vapor pressure,
Relative
density, Solubility
– Stability and Reactivity Conditions
to avoid, Materials to avoid,
Hazardous decomposition products
– Toxicology Acute toxicity, Local
effects. Excessive exposure may affect
human health as follows: Skin
contact, Eye contact,
Inhalation/ingestion.
– Ecological Information Lists any
dangers to the environment
ò Disposal Lists any special
disposal
PART-A: Reading the MSDS (Cont’d)

ò Transport Information lists

codes indicating the dangers and
the type of transport which may be
needed
ò Regulations Lists any
agency that may regulate this
product
– Other Information
Recommendations/restrictions,
Sources of key data used to
compile Safety Data Sheet
 PART-B: TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MSDS

MSDS is a data bank which contains numerous technical and non technical
information, keywords etc about a chemical. To understand the language of MSDS,
one should be familiar with following basic technical terms/keywords which are
frequently used in MSDS of all formats.

How chemical can enter in our body?

The three ways by which chemical can enter in our body:

1. Absorption (By Skin and Eye Contact): Skin and eye contact with hazardous chemicals can
cause vision problems or blindness, burns, rashes, allergies, and other reactions.
Some chemicals can even get into the bloodstream and poison you through the skin
2. Inhalation: Inhaling hazardous chemicals can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea,
unconsciousness, asphyxiation, even death. There is also a risk of damage to your
lungs, throat or respiratory system.

3. Swallowing / Ingestion: Swallowing hazardous chemicals can poison you to damage

your internal organs. If you forget to wash up before eating or smoking, you may
swallow a tiny amounts of chemicals and eventually become poisoned.
 PART-B: TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MSDS (Cont’d)

Acute Health Effect: An adverse effect on a human or animal body with symptoms that develop
immediately and persist short to long period. As burning, sudden illness etc.

Chronic Health Effect: An adverse effect on a human or animal body with symptoms that develop
slowly over a long time period and persist or that recur frequently. As cancer and other diseases,
allergic reactions, or reproductive problems usually take a long time to develop.

Acute Exposure: Exposure of short duration, usually to relatively high concentrations or amounts of
material.

Chronic Exposure: Continuous or intermittent exposure extending over a long time period, usually
applies to relatively low material amounts or concentrations.

Chronic Toxicity: A material's property that produces chronic health effects (see above), usually
resulting from repeated doses of or exposure to the material over a relatively prolonged time
period. Ordinarily used to denote effects noted in experimental animals.

Carcinogen: A material that either causes cancer in humans, or, because it causes cancer
in animals, is considered capable of causing cancer in humans.

Cryogenic: Relating to extremely low temperatures as for refrigerant gases

Ceiling Limit, C: The concentration not to exceed at any time. "An employee„s exposure [to
a
hazardous material] shall at no time exceed the ceiling value" (OSHA).
 PART-B: TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MSDS (Cont’d)

Flash Point :
Lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid gives off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable
mixture with air near its surface or within a vessel and ignite momentarily but cant sustain the
flame is called the flash point.

Flammable:
Describes any solid, liquid, vapor, or gas that ignites easily and burns rapidly. Both NFPA and DOT
generally define flammable liquids as having a flash point below 38ºC (100ºF)

Symbols for Flammable Gas or Liquids:

 PART-B: TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MSDS (Cont’d)

Combustible:
A term the NFPA, DOT, and others use to classify certain materials with low flash points that ignite
easily. Both NFP A and DOT generally define combustible liquids as having a flash point of 38ºC
(100ºF) but below 93.3ºC (200ºF)

Spontaneously Combustible:
A material that ignites as a result of retained heat from processing, or which will oxidize to
generate
heat and ignite, or which absorbs moisture to generate heat and ignite.

Symbols for Combustible and Spontaneously Combustible Materials:

 PART-B: TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MSDS (Cont’d)

Oxidizer:
Oxidizer. The DOT defines an oxidizer or oxidizing material as a substance that yields oxygen
readily to stimulate the combustion (oxidation) of organic matter. Chlorate (CIOI23), permanganate
(Mn04), and nitrate (NO) compounds are examples of oxidizers. Note that they all contain large
amounts of oxygen (0).

Symbol for oxidizer Symbols for Corrosive Symbols for

Radioactive

Corrosive:
A chemical that causes visible destruction of or irreversible alterations in living tissue by
chemical action at the site of contact, or that causes a severe corrosion rate in steel or aluminum.

Radioactive:
Substances may cause the source of irreversible radioactive chemical reaction emitting
various harmful radiation.
 PART-B: TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MSDS (Cont’d)

Irritant:
A chemical, which is not corrosive, but which causes a reversible inflammatory effect on
living
tissue by chemical action at the site of contact.

Symbols for Irritant Symbol for harmful Symbols for Explosive Material

Harmful:
Substances in contact with human body cause acute or chronic damage to health. Especially
carcinogenic, teratogenic or mutagenic associated substances. There is a risk of sensitization
by inhalation

Explosive:
A material that produces a sudden, almost instantaneous release of pressure, gas, and heat
when subjected to abrupt shock, pressure, or high temperature.
 PART-B: TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MSDS (Cont’d)

Toxic Substance:
Any chemical or material that: 1) has evidence of an acute or chronic health hazard and 2) is listed
in the NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS), provided that the
substance causes harm at any dose level; causes cancer or reproductive effects in animals at any
dose level; has a median lethal dose (LD50) of less than 500 mg/kg of body weight when
administered orally to rats; has a median LD50 of less than 1000 mg/kg of body weight when
administered by continuous contact to the bare skin of albino rabbits; or has a median lethal
concentration (LD50) in air of less than 2000 ppm by volume of gas vapor, or less than 20 mg/L of
mist, fume, or dust when administered to albino rats.

Symbol for Toxic Substances Dangerous for Environment

Dangerous for Environment:

Substances produce various things into aquatic and non aquatic environments causing the damage
to the ecosystems.
 PART-B: TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MSDS (Cont’d)

Asphyxiant:
A vapor or gas that can cause unconsciousness or death by suffocation (lack of oxygen). Most
simple asphyxiants are harmful to the body only when they become so concentrated that they
reduce (displace) the available oxygen in the air (normally about 21%) to dangerous levels (18% or
lower). Examples of simple asphyxiants are carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium.
Chemical asphyxiants like carbon monoxide (CO) reduce the blood's ability to carry oxygen, or like
cyanide, interfere with the body's utilization of oxygen.

Symbol for Asphyxiant Symbols for Carcinogen Symbol for Mutagen

Carcinogen:
A material that either causes cancer in humans, or, because it causes cancer in animals,
is considered capable of causing cancer in humans.

Mutagen:
A substance or agent capable of altering the genetic material in a living cell.
 PART-B: TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MSDS (Cont’d)

PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit or OSH PEL):

Established by OSHA. The permissible exposure limit (PEL or OSHA PEL) is a legal limit for exposure of an
employee to a chemical substance or physical agent. This may be expressed as a time weighted average
(TWA) limit, short-term exposure limit (STEL), or as a ceiling exposure limit. A ceiling limit must never be
exceeded instantaneously even if the TWA exposure limit is not violated. OSHA PELs have the force of law.
Note that ACGIH TLVs and NIOSH RELs are recommended exposure limits.

TWA : Time Weighted Average is the average exposure over a specified period of time, usually a nominal eight hours.
STEL : Short-Term Exposure Limit is one that addresses the average exposure over a 15-30 minute period of maximum exposure during a single work shift.
CL : Ceiling Limit is one that may not be exceeded for any period of time, and is applied to irritants and other materials that have immediate effects.
AL : Action Level is the exposure level (concentration in air) at which OSHA regulations to protect employees takes effect (29 CFR 1910.1001-1047)

PPE (Personal protective equipment):

Devices or clothing worn to help insulate a worker from direct exposure to hazardous materials. Example
include gloves and respirators.

TLV (Threshold Limit Value):

A term used to express the airborne concentration of a material to which most workers can be exposed during
a normal daily and weekly schedule without adverse effects. ACGIH expresses TLV s in three ways: 1) TLV
TWA, the allowable time weighted average concentration for a normal 8-hour workday or 40-hour week;
2) TLV STEL, the short-term exposure limit or maximum concentration for a continuous exposure period of 15
minutes (with a maximum of four such periods per day, with at least 60 minutes between exposure periods,
and provided that the daily TLV- TWA is not exceeded); and 3) Ceiling (C), the concentration not to exceed at
any time.
 PART-B: TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MSDS (Cont’d)

Exposure Limit :
The concentration in workplace air of a chemical deemed the maximum acceptable. This means that most
workers can be exposed at given levels or lower without harmful effects. Exposure limits in common use are:
1)TLV-TWA (threshold limit value-timeweighted average); 2) STEL (short-term exposure limit); and 3) C (ceiling
value).

ACGIH TLVs :
Established by OSHA. The permissible exposure limit (PEL or OSHA PEL) is a legal limit for exposure of an
employee to a chemical substance or physical agent. This may be expressed as a time weighted average
(TWA) limit, short-term exposure limit (STEL), or as a ceiling exposure limit. A ceiling limit must never be
exceeded instantaneously even if the TWA exposure limit is not violated. OSHA PELs have the force of law.
Note that ACGIH TLVs and NIOSH RELs are recommended exposure limits.

TLV (Threshold Limit Value):

A term used to express the airborne concentration of a material to which most workers can be exposed during
a normal daily and weekly schedule without adverse effects. ACGIH expresses TLV s in three ways: 1) TLV
TWA, the allowable time weighted average concentration for a normal 8-hour workday or 40-hour week;
2)TLV STEL, the short-term exposure limit or maximum concentration for a continuous exposure period of 15
minutes (with a maximum of four such periods per day, with at least 60 minutes between exposure periods,
and provided that the daily TLV- TWA is not exceeded); and 3) Ceiling (C), the concentration not to exceed at
any time.
 PART-B: TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MSDS (Cont’d)

Toxicity Dose Terms LD50 and LC50:

In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD50 (abbreviation for “Lethal Dose, 50%”), LC50 (Lethal
Concentration, 50%) or LCt50 (Lethal Concentration & Time) of a toxin, radiation, or pathogen is the
dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration. LD50
figures are frequently used as a general indicator of a substance's acute toxicity.
Route of Exposure Conclusion / Remarks
Inhalation
Toxicity (Rat): LC50 > 5000
Minimally Toxic. Based on test data for structurally similar materials.
mg/m³

Negligible hazard at ambient/normal handling temperatures. Based on assessment

Irritation: Data available.
of the components.
Ingestion
Toxicity (Rat): LD50 > 2000
Minimally Toxic. Based on test data for structurally similar materials.
mg/kg
Skin
Toxicity (Rabbit): LD50 > 2000
Minimally Toxic. Based on test data for structurally similar materials.
mg/kg

Negligible irritation to skin at ambient temperatures. Based on test data

Irritation: Data available.
for structurally similar materials.
Eye
Irritation (Rabbit): Data May cause mild, short-lasting discomfort to eyes. Based on test data for
available. structurally similar materials.
 PART-B: TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MSDS (Cont’d)

Other Commonly Used Toxicity Dose Terms:

 LLD01 : Lethal dose for 1% of the animal test population
D100 : Lethal dose for 100% of the animal test population
 LDLO :The lowest dose causing lethality
 TDLO : The lowest dose causing a toxic effect

Toxicity Comparison:
In general, the smaller the LD50 value, the more toxic the chemical is. The opposite is also true: the larger the LD 50 value,
the lower the toxicity. The LD50 gives a measure of the immediate or acute toxicity of a chemical in the strain, sex, and
age group of a particular animal species being tested. Changing any of these variables (e.g., type animal or age) could
result in finding a different LD50 value. The LD50 test was neither designed nor intended to give information on long-term
exposure effects of a chemical. Once you have an LD50 value, it can be compared to other values by using a toxicity
scale. The two most common scales used are the "Hodge and Sterner Scale" and the "Gosselin, Smith and Hodge
Scale". It is also important to know that the actual LD50 value may be different for a given chemical depending on the
route of exposure (e.g., oral, dermal, inhalation)

For example, some LD50s for dichlorvos, an insecticide commonly used in household pesticide strips, are listed below:
Oral LD50 (rat) : 56 mg/kg
Dermal LD50 (rat) : 75 mg/kg
Intraperitoneal LD50 : (rat) 15 mg/kg
Inhalation LC50 (rat) : 1.7 ppm (15 mg/m3); 4-hour exposure
Oral LD50 (rabbit) : 10 mg/kg
: 23.7 mg/kg
Oral LD50 (pigeon)
: 56 mg/kg
Oral LD50 (rat)
: 61 mg/kg
Oral (mouse) : 100 mg/kg
Oral (dog) : 157 mg/kg
Oral (pig)
 PART-C: Hodge and Sterner Scale

Table 1: Toxicity Classes: Hodge and Sterner Scale

Routes of Administration

Oral LD50 Inhalation LC50 Dermal LD50

Exposure of Single
Toxici Rats application to Probable Lethal
Commonly
t y single dose to for 4 hours skin of rabbits Dose
Used
Rating rats for Man
Term
(mg/kg) (ppm) (mg/kg)

1 grain (a taste, a
1 Extremely Toxic 1 or less 10 or less 5 or less drop)
2 Highly Toxic 1-50 10-100 5-43 4 ml (1 tsp)

3 Moderately Toxic 50-500 100-1000 44-340 30 ml (1 fl. oz.)

4 Slightly Toxic 500-5000 1000-10,000 350-2810 600 ml (1 pint)

5 Practically Non-toxic 5000-15,000 10,000-100,000 2820-22,590 1 litre (or 1 quart)

6 Relatively Harmless 15,000 or more 100,000 22,600 or more 1 liter (or 1 quart)

Back
 PART-C: Gosselin, Smith and Hodge Scale

Table 2: Toxicity Classes: Gosselin, Smith and Hodge

Probable Oral Lethal Dose (Human)

Toxicity Rating or Class Dose For 70-kg Person (150 lbs)

Less than 5
6 Super Toxic 1 grain (a taste - less than 7 drops)
mg/kg

5 Extremely Toxic 5-50 mg/kg 4 ml (between 7 drops and 1 tsp)

4 Very Toxic 50-500 mg/kg 30 ml (between 1 tsp and 1 fl ounce)

3 Moderately Toxic 0.5-5 g/kg 30-600 ml (between 1 fl oz and 1 pint)

2 Slightly Toxic 5-15 g/kg 600-1200 ml (between 1 pint to 1 quart)

1 Practically Non-Toxic Above 15 g/kg More than 1200 ml (more than 1 quart)

Back
 PART-C: Gosselin, Smith and Hodge Scale

Hazard Communication(HAZCOM):
Requires chemical manufacturers and importers to assess the hazards associated with the materials in their
workplace (29 CFR 1910.1200). Material safety data sheets, labeling, and training are all results of this law.

Engineering Controls:
Engineering control systems reduce potential hazards by isolating the worker from the hazard or by removing
the hazard from the work environment. Methods include substitution, ventilation, isolation, and
enclosure. This is preferred over administrative controls and personal protective equipment.
Incompatible:
Describes materials that could cause dangerous reactions and the release of energy from direct contact with
one another.

Chemical Compatibility Chart:

A chart which give instruction about chemical storage system. This chart contains possible reaction/effect
while mixing two or more chemical.

Back
 PART-C: Chemical Compatibility Chart

Chemical G roup
1 Ac id s , Mineral, N o n - o x idizing 1
2 Ac id s , Mineral, O x idizing 2
M d . M o y n u l Islam
CH EMI CA L COMPATIBILITY CHART
3 Acids, Organic G,H 3 Chemical Engineer
4 Alcholos, Gl y cols H H,F H,P 4 M o d i f i e d f ro m: EPA's Chemical C o mp at i bi l i t y Chart, A pri l , 1980,
5 Aldehy des H , P H,F H , P 5 A M e t h od for D etermi ning t he C o mpa t i b i l i t y o f Chemical Mi xt ur es ,
H
6 A m id es H
GT
6 EPA-600/2-80-076.
H P l e a s e N o t e: T h i s c h a r i s int e n d e d a s a n i n d i c a t i o n o f t h e s o m e h a z a r d s t hat c a n b e e x p e c t e d o n mi x i n g c h e mi c a l w a s t es . B e c a u s e o f t h e d i f f e r i n g a c t i v i t i es o f
7 Am ines, Aliphatic and Aromatic H
GT
H H 7 t h o u s a n d s o f c o m p o u n d s t hat m a y b e e n c o u n t e r e d . It i s n o t p o s s i b l e t o m a k e a ny c h a r t d e f init i v e a n d al l i n c l u s i v e . It c a n n o t b e a s s u m e d t o e n s u r e c o m p a t i bi l i t y
H o f w a s t e s b e c a u s e w a s t e s a r e n o t c l a s s i f i ed a s h a z a r d o u s o n t h e c h a r t , n o r d o a n y b l a n k s n e c e s s a r i l y m e a n t hat t h e m i x t u r e c a n n o t r es ul t i n a h a z a r d o u s
8 A z o , D ia z o C o m p o u n d s & Hydrazines H,G
GT
H,G H,G H 8 o c c u r i n g . D e t ai l e d i n s t r u c t i o n s a s t o h a z a r d s i n v o l v e d i n h a n d l i n g a n d d i s p o s i n g o f a n y g i v e n w a s t e s h o u l d b e o b t a i n e d f r o m t h e o r i g i n a t o r o f t h e w a s t e.

CODE & CONSEQUENCE

H
9 Carbamates H,G
GT
H,G 9
10 Caustics H H H H H,G 10 H : H eat Generation
11 C y anides
GT GT GT
G 11 F : F ire
GF GF GF
H,GT GT G :Innocuous non-flmmable gas generation
12 Dithiocarbamates
H,F
GF
H,F
GF GF GF
U H,G 12
GT: T oxic G as f o r m a t i o n
13 Esters H H,F H,G H 13 GF: F l a m m a b l e G as f o r m a t i o n
14 Ethers H H,F 14 E : E xplossion
15 Fluorides, Inorganics GT GT GT 15
P :Violent P olymerization
16 H y drocarbons, Aromatics H,F 16
H H,F H H
S : S olubilization of toxic substance
17 Halogenated Organics GT GT GT
H,G
GF
H 17
U :May be hazardous, but U nknown
H,F H,P
18 Is o c y anates H,G
GT
H,G H,P H,P H,G
G
H,G U 18
19 Keto nes H H,F H,G H H 19
GT H,F
20 M e r c a p t a n s & O t h e r O r ga ni c S ulf id G F GT
H,G 20

21 H,F H,F H ,F H,F H H H H H H H,GF H H H H

M et a l s , A l ka li & A l k al i n e E a r t h, E l e me n t a H,F
GF GF GF GF GF GF GF GF GF GF GT GF
H,E G F GF GF 21
GF
M e t als , O t h e E l e m e n t al & A l l o y s a s p o w d e r s H,F H,F H,F H H H,F
22 Va p o r s o r s p o n g e s GF GF
G,F
GT
U GF
H,E
GF GF
22
M et a l s , O t h e E l e me n t al & A l l o y s H,F H,F H,F
23 s he e t s , GF GF G
H,F 23
24 M et a l s & M et a l s C o m p o u n d s , To x i c S S S S S S 24
25 Nitrides
H,F
GF
H,F
E
H
GF
H,E
GF
H
GF
U H,G U
H
GF
H
GF
H
GF
H
GF
U
H
GF
H
GF
E 25
26
H,GT H,F H
Nitriles GF GT
H U H,P S GF 26
27 Nitro C o m p o u n d s , Or ganic
H,F
GT
H H,E
H,E
GF
H,E
GF 27
28 H y d r o c a r b o n s , A l i p h at i c , U n s a t u r a t e d H H,F H H,E 28
29 H y d r o c a r b o n s , A lip h at ic, S a t u r a t e d H,F 29
30 Per ox ides & Hy dr operox ides, Organic H, G H,E H,F H,G
H
GT
H,F
E
H,F
GT
H,E
GT
H,F
GT
H,E H E
H,F
GT
H,E H,G H,G
H,E
GF
H,P
GT
H,P 30
31 Ph e no ls a n d C r e s o l s H H,F H,G H,P
H
GF
H
GF H 31
32 O r g a n o p h o s p h a t es , P h o s p h o t h i o a t e s
P h o s p h o d i o t hioat es
H
GT
H
GT
U H,E
H
GF
U 32
GT H,F H
33 Sulfides, Inor ganic GF GF
GT H E H GT
33
34 E p o x ides H,P H,P H,P H,P U H,P H,P H,P H,P U H,P H,P H,P H,P H,P H,P H,P U H,P 34
C o m b u s t i bl e a n d F l a m m a b l e M a t er ial s H,F H,F H,F H,F
35 Miscellaneous
H,G
GT G GF GT
35
36 E x plos iv e s H,E H,E H,E H,E H,E H,E H,E H,E H,E E E H,E H,E H,E H,E H,E 36
37 Poly m e r iz a b le C o m p o u n d s P, H P, H P, H P, H P, H P, H U P,H P, H P, H P, H P, H P, H P, H P,H P, H 37
38 O x idizing Agents, Strong
H
GT
H
GT
H ,F
H,F
GF
H,F
GT
H,F
GT
H,E
H,F
GT
H,E
GT
H,F
GT
H,F H,F H,F
H
GT
H,F
GT
H ,F
H,F
GT
H,F
E
H,F
E
H,F
H,F
E
H,F
GT
H,E H ,F H,F H,G H,F
H,F
GT
H,F
GT
H,F
G
H,F
G
H,E
H,F
GT 38
39 R e d u c in g Agents , Strong
H
GF
H,F
GT
H
GF
H ,F
GF
H,F
GF
H
GF
H,G
H
GT
H,F
H,F
E
H,E
H
GF
H
GF
H
GF
H
GF
H,E H,E G F
H H, GT
GF
H
H
GF
H,E
H,P
GF
H,F
E
39
H H H GT GT
40 Water a n d A q u e o u s M i x tures H H G H,G
GF GF
S
GF GF GF
40

41 Wa t e r Reactive Substances <<<<<<Extremely Reactive - Do N o t M i x W i t h A ny Chem ical! - E xtremely Reactive>>>>> 41

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