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  • G12 UCSP PPT Lesson 3

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    Leo Suing
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    The document discusses the biological, cultural, and sociopolitical evolution of humans from early hominids to modern societies. It covers key topics like biological evolution, cultural evolution, sociocultural evolution, macroevolution, homeobox genes, natural selection, the Paleolithic era, the Neolithic Revolution, the rise of early civilizations like Mesopotamia and the Inca Empire, and theories of democratization focusing on citizen participation and political freedom and rights.

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    The document discusses the biological, cultural, and sociopolitical evolution of humans from early hominids to modern societies. It covers key topics like biological evolution, cultural evolution, sociocultural evolution, macroevolution, homeobox genes, natural selection, the Paleolithic era, the Neolithic Revolution, the rise of early civilizations like Mesopotamia and the Inca Empire, and theories of democratization focusing on citizen participation and political freedom and rights.

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    1K views23 pages

    G12 UCSP PPT Lesson 3

    Uploaded by

    Leo Suing
    The document discusses the biological, cultural, and sociopolitical evolution of humans from early hominids to modern societies. It covers key topics like biological evolution, cultural evolution, sociocultural evolution, macroevolution, homeobox genes, natural selection, the Paleolithic era, the Neolithic Revolution, the rise of early civilizations like Mesopotamia and the Inca Empire, and theories of democratization focusing on citizen participation and political freedom and rights.

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    of 23

    G12 Understanding Culture, Society, and

    Politics (UCSP) Lesson 3: Cultural and


    Sociopolitical Evolution

    Presented by: Leonides B. Suing


    Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution

    Human Bio-Cultural Social Evolution


    Biological Evolution – is the physical transformation of
    modern humans from hominids into thinking modern
    humans or Homo sapiens.
    Cultural Evolution – refers to the changes or
    development of cultures from a single form to a more
    complex form of human culture.
    Sociocultural evolution – happens as a result of human
    adaptation to the different factors like changes in climate
    or in their environment and population increase.
    Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution

    Macroevolution and the Formation of New Species


    Macroevolution focuses on the formation of new species
    (speciation) and on the evolutionary relationship between groups of
    species.
    Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution

    Homeobox genes are a group of genes that regulate


    development in multicellular organisms; this
    includes cell differentiation and morphogenesis.
    Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution
    Natural selection is a process through which certain
    environmentally adapted biological features are
    perpetuated at the expense of less adaptive features.
    Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution
    Early humans
    Biological and cultural evolution: from Homo habilis
    (or earlier) to Homo sapiens sapiens in the fossil record
    Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution

    Homo habilis, known as 'handyman' is a species of the genus


    Homo that lived from approximately 2.33 to 1.4 million years
    ago, during the Gelasian Pleistocene period.  
    Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution

    Paleolithic Period. The Paleolithic Period or the


    Old Stone Age is divided into three divisions:
    a. Lower Paleolithic Period
    Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution

    b. Middle Paleolithic Period


    Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution

    c. Upper Paleolithic Period


    Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution
    Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution
    The Neolithic Revolution. Also called the Agricultural Revolution
    marked the transition in human history from small nomadic bands
    of hunter-gatherers to larger, agricultural settlements and early
    civilization.
    The Earth entered a warming trend around 14,000 years ago at the
    end of the last Ice Age. Some scientists theorize that climate changes
    drove the Agricultural Revolution. In the Fertile Crescent, bounded
    on the west by the Mediterranean Sea and on the east by the Persian
    Gulf, wild wheat and barley began to grow, as it got warmer.
    Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution

    Early Civilization and the Rise of State


    Neolithic Humans:
    Early Civilization and the Rise of State
    Neolithic Humans:
    Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution
    Earliest Forms of Governments:
    Mesopotamia
    Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution
    Earliest Forms of Governments:
    Mesopotamia
    Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution
    Earliest Forms of Governments:
    Mesopotamia
    Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution
    Earliest Forms of Governments:
    Inca Empire
    Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution
    Earliest Forms of Governments:
    Inca Empire
    Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution

    Democratization
    There is a general tendency to assume that "democracy" refers to
    a fairly static concept and, by corollary, that "democratization"
    represents the process of approaching this "democracy."
    First, Dahl limits the scope of his concept of "democracy" to a
    description of "the fundamental principle of a political regime."
    According to him, the degree of democracy is formally defined
    based on two measurable factors: namely, the degree of
    citizen participation in the political process (political equality)
    and the degree of acceptance of public contestation (political
    freedom).
    Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution
    Emphasis is placed on "free and fair elections" as one
    opportunity of the various civil liberties and political
    rights.
    Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution
    However, it is important to remember that, if we define "politics"
    as "decisions that impact all members of a given social group," the
    democracy and democratization, which are related to "how things
    are decided" and are embodied in "elections," can be distilled
    simply to the process of "choosing of those who decide.“
    Cultural and Sociopolitical Evolution
    In other words, if we consider the countless possibilities in a
    diverse society of what decisions are, how these are made, and
    the manner of involvement, "democracy" or "democratization,"
    which tends to be reduced simply to "elections," captures only
    one of the many important political aspects of a society.

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