Five Basic Philosophy in Education: Foundation of Education ED640

FIVE BASIC PHILOSOPHY
IN EDUCATION
Foundation of Education
ED640
Education philosophies
There are five basic philosophies of education
Perennialism
Idealism
Realism
Experimentalism
Existentialism
PERENNIALISM
This is a very conservative and inflexible philosophy of
education. It is based on the view that reality comes
from fundamental fixed truths-especially related to
God. It believes that people find truth through
reasoning and revelation and that goodness is found in
rational thinking.
As a result, schools exist to teach reason and God's
will. Students are taught to reason through structured
lessons and drills.
PERRENIALISM
perennialism focuses first on personal development,,
and far less liberal and principle-based. typically
considered to be teacher-centered, as opposed to
student-centered philosophies of education such as
progressivism. However, since the teachers associated
with perennialism are in a sense the authors of the
Western masterpieces themselves, these teachers may
be open to student criticism through the associated
Socratic method, which, if carried out as true dialogue,
is a balance between students, including the teacher
promoting the discussion.
IDEALISM
Idealism is the philosophical theory which maintains
that the ultimate nature of reality is based on the
mind or ideas. In the philosophy of perception,
idealism is contrasted with realism in which the
external world is said to have an apparent absolute
existence. Epistemological idealists (such as Kant)
claim that the only things which can be directly known
for certain are just ideas (abstraction).
IDEALISM
Idealism believes in refined wisdom. It is based on the
view that reality is a world within a person's mind. It
believes that truth is in the consistency of ideas and
that goodness is an ideal state to strive to attain.
As a result, schools exist to sharpen the mind and
intellectual processes. Students are taught the wisdom
of past heroes.
REALISM
Realism believes in the world as it is. It is based on the
view that reality is what we observe. It believes that
truth is what we sense and observe and that goodness
is found in the order of the laws of nature.
As a result, schools exist to reveal the order of the
world and universe. Students are taught factual
information.
REALISM
Contemporary philosophical realism is the belief
that our reality is completely ontologically
independent of our conceptual schemes, linguistic
practices, beliefs, etc. Philosophers who profess
realism also typically believe that truth consists in a
belief's correspondence to reality. Realism may be
spoke of with respect to other minds, the past, the
future, universals, mathematical entities (such as
natural numbers), moral categories, the
material world, or even thought.
EXPERIENTIALISM
Experientialism is the philosophical theory that
experience is the source of knowledge.[1]
EXPERIENTIALISM
Experimentalism believes that things are constantly
changing. It is based on the view that reality is what
you experience. It believes that truth is what works
right now and that goodness comes from group
decisions.
As a result, schools exist to discover and expand the
society we live in. Students study social experiences
and solve problems.
EXTENTIALISM
Existentialism believes in the personal interpretation
of the world. It is based on the view that the individual
defines reality, truth and goodness.
As a result, schools exist to aid children in knowing
themselves and their place in society.
Students learn what they want and discuss subjects
freely.
EXTENTIALISM
is centered upon the analysis of existence and of the way humans
find themselves existing in the world. The notion is that humans
exist first and then each individual spends a lifetime changing their
essence or nature.
In simpler terms, existentialism is a philosophy concerned with
finding self and the meaning of life through free will, choice, and
personal responsibility. The belief is that people are searching to
find out who and what they are throughout life as they make
choices based on their experiences, beliefs, and outlook. And
personal choices become unique without the necessity of an
objective form of truth. An existentialist believes that a person
should be forced to choose and be responsible without the help of
laws, ethnic rules, or traditions.
OTHER RELATED EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES
THAT SHAPED PHILIPPINE EDUCATION
PRAGMATISM
SCHOLASTICISM
PRAGMATISM
Pragmatism is a philosophical movement, developed in the
United States, which holds that both the meaning and the
truth of any idea is a function of its practical outcome.
Fundamental to pragmatism is a strong antiabsolutism: the
conviction that all principles are to be regarded as working
hypotheses rather than as metaphysically binding axioms.
A modern expression of empiricism, pragmatism was
highly influential in America in the first quarter of the 20th
century. Pragmatism has tended to criticize traditional
philosophical outlooks in the light of scientific and social
developments.
SCHOLASTICISM
Scholasticism was a method of learning taught by the academics
(scholastics, school people, or schoolmen) of medieval universities circa
1100–1500. Scholasticism was part of the attempt that medieval Christians
made to reconcile ancient classical philosophy with Christianity. The
synthesis of Greek Philosophy and medieval Christian Doctrine is the
heart of scholasticism. (See also Christian apologetics.)
Scholasticism is not a philosophy or a theology in itself, but rather a
method for learning. A strong emphasis is placed on dialectical reasoning
to resolve contradictions. Because of this emphasis on methodology,
scholasticism was eventually applied to many other fields of study.
The main figures of scholasticism were Peter Abelard, Albertus Magnus,
Duns Scotus, William of Ockham, Bonaventure and Thomas Aquinas.
Thomas Aquinas's greatest work, Summa Theologica, is usually seen as the
last fruits of Scholasticism.
PHILOSOPHICAL MOVEMENTS
THAT SHAPED PHILIPPINE
EDUCATION
Foundation of Education (ED640)

Report by: RODRIGO B. BADILLO
ENELYN T. BADILLO
Professor: Dr. ROLANDO C. VIRAY
Director
PUP Sta. Rosa Campus

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FIVE BASIC PHILOSOPHY

Foundation of Education (ED640)

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