Merefleksikan Hasrat: Sebuah Pendekatan

Interpenetratif Melalui Asosiasi Bebas

Apa itu interpenetratif?
tumpang tindih (overlapping)
asosiatif
“It requires a very unusual mind to undertake the
analysis of the obvious.”
-Alfred North Whitehead

“The point of philosophy is to start with something so

simple as not to seem worth stating, and to end with
something so paradoxical that no one will believe it.”
-Bertrand Russell
“Somewhat infamously, several hundred pages of Principia Mathematica precede the proof of the validity of the
proposition 1+1=2.”
Keutamaan Hasrat (Primacy of Desire): Penggerak Roda Samsara
“Ravana looked at Sita and
he thought—Mine.”
Dorongan dan Hasrat

Dorongan = asal muasal/sumber dari

hasrat (laut)
budi
Hasrat = “arus energi” batin yang tara
mengarah menuju suatu lokasi
spesifik (sungai)

lisa
Dorongan
seks
Ada berapa jenis dorongan?
Abraham Maslow David McClelland

Mayoritas manusia
berasumsi ada lebih
dari satu jenis
dorongan. Tapi berapa
persisnya tidak penting
dalam diskusi kali ini.
Edward L. Deci
Ada berapa jenis keinginan yang mungkin?
->Sepertinya tidak berhingga

Rendang Kimchi
Spaghetti
Pizza

Sungai hasrat Sungai hasrat Sungai hasrat Sungai hasrat

Laut dorongan
Apa yang membentuk hasrat? Kenapa “sungai”
hasrat menuju ke titik A bukan B?

vs

Rei Ayanami Asuka Langley Sohryu

René Girard: imitasi sebagai pembentuk hasrat

"Human beings influence each other, and when they are

together, they tend to desire the same objects. This is not
because these objects are scarce, but because . . .
imitation . . . governs desire.”
(Quand ces choses commenceront, 27)
Contoh: mau main apa ya?

bram ?
acak

si
ti a
im

?
bimo
Segitiga Hasrat Mimesis (1)

Ha
3

sr
at
t
sra

m
Ha

im
es
is
bram
bimo
2

imitasi/mimesis

model aku
Darimana datangnya hasrat bram?

“Ooh gitu…”

Bapaknya bram
bram
Segitiga Hasrat Mimesis (2)

is
1
es

Ha
im 3

sr
at
tm

m
sra

im
Ha

es
is
bram Mimesis ganda
bimo
2
imitasi

3
imitasi
model aku/model
Objek terbagi dan objek tak terbagi
objek terbagi objek tak terbagi

“If any two men desire the same thing, which

nevertheless they cannot both enjoy, they become
enemies; and in the way to their End, . . . endeavour
to destroy, or subdue one another.”
-René Girard, Victims, Violence and Christianity
Imitasi ganda (double mimesis) dan konflik

Rivalitas Mimesis
bram bimo
“The principal source of violence between human
beings is mimetic rivalry, the rivalry resulting from
imitation of a model who becomes a rival or of a
rival who becomes a model.”
vs
René Girard, I See Satan Fall Like Lightning
model/rival model/rival
Dua jenis mediasi: internal
dan eksternal
&
(1) Mediasi Internal
Peristiwa imitatif yang terjadi antar subjek di bram Bapaknya bram
“bidang” yang sejajar atau “semesta” yang
relatif sama
(2) Mediasi eksternal
Peristiwa imitatif yang terjadi antar subjek di
“bidang” yang vertikal atau “semesta” yang
berbeda jauh vs
bram bimo
Apa yang menentukan jarak mediasi/imitatif?

usia Kemiripan kultural Dimensi semesta

Status sosial dan ekonomi Periode kehidupan Eksentrisitas

Mediasi eksternal adalah komedi;
Mediasi internal adalah tragedi
Kasta/hierarki sebagai pencegah kebakaran
mimesis dan kambing hitam sebagai pemadam
api mimesis
Agama menunjukkan kambing hitam pada
kenyataannya adalah korban
Demokrasi dan “When all the privileges of birth and fortune are abolished,

kesetaraan: when all professions are accessible to all, and a man’s own
energies may place him at the top of any one of them, an

Membuka gerbang easy and unbounded career seems open to his ambition and
he will readily persuade himself that he is born to no

neraka mimesis common destinies. But this is an erroneous notion, which is

corrected by daily experience. The same equality that allows

(mediasi internal) every citizen to conceive these lofty hopes, renders all the
citizens less able to realize them; it circumscribes their

tanpa pemadam powers on every side, which it gives freer scope to their
desires. . . . They have swept away the privileges of some

api yang efektif? of their fellow-creatures which stood in their way, but they
have opened the door to universal competition.”

-Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America

Sigmund Freud: narsisisme perbedaan sepele
(narcissism of small differences)
“... it is precisely the minor differences in people
who are otherwise alike that form the basis of
feelings of strangeness and hostility between
them. It would be tempting to pursue this idea and to
derive from this 'narcissism of minor differences' the
hostility which in every human relation we see fighting
successfully against feelings of fellowship and
overpowering the commandment that all men should
love one another.”
-Sigmund Freud, The Taboo of Virginity
Dua jenis kelangkaan

bram

1. Kelangkaan barang yang

diinginkan
2. Kelangkaan totalitas bimo
barang
Mengapa manusia
menginginkan suatu
hal yang diinginkan?

“For he was aware of the great secret of life: Women

don't look for handsome men. Women look for men
who have had beautiful women.”
-Milan Kundera, The Book of Laughter and
Forgetting
Mengapa manusia meniru sosok mediasi
eksternal?
 rasa kurang
Objek pemenuh hasrat
mimesis
objek hasrat mimesis
hasrat mimesis
pemenuh

bram Lisa
is
es

entitas komplet hasrat mimesis

im
tm
sra
ha

rasa kurang entitas komplet

rasa kurang

imitasi

bram Bapaknya bram

bram
Bapaknya bram
 ide tetang objek
pemenuh
objek pemenuh yang
Rasa kurang sesuai dengan skema ide

hasrat mimesis

Lisa
bram
Dorongan fisiologis dan dorongan
keterhubungan
fisiologis keterhubungan
● Makan dan minum ● Pasangan hidup/romantis
● Bernafas ● Pasangan seksual
● Buang air ● Kelompok (belonging/identity)
● Bergerak ● Rekognisi
● Kebersihan ● Rasa hormat
● Perlindungan sederhana dari lingkungan ● Kekuasaan
(sinar radiasi, pukulan, tusukan, limbah, ● Partner ketertarikan (hobi)
racun, dsb.) ● Mencintai/dicintai
“Apa yang ingin dikejar oleh hasrat manusia
dalam dorongan non-fisiologis?
Rasa kurang dalam diri manusia ini rasa kurang
untuk objek apa?”
“We are nothing; what
we search for is
everything.”
-Friedrich Hölderlin