Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Natural Approach Stephen Krashen

    Uploaded by

    Piyu Mahatma
    126 views20 pages
    The Natural Approach to second language acquisition developed by Stephen Krashen builds on principles of natural language learning. It focuses on using the target language in communicative, meaningful situations without relying on translation. Grammar is acquired implicitly rather than explicitly taught. Krashen's theory includes five main hypotheses: acquisition/learning, monitor, natural order, input, and affective filter. Teachers provide comprehensible input through activities and focus on creating a low-anxiety environment to help students progress from understanding to speaking.

    Original Description:

    on Stephen Krashen

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The Natural Approach to second language acquisition developed by Stephen Krashen builds on principles of natural language learning. It focuses on using the target language in communicative, meaningful situations without relying on translation. Grammar is acquired implicitly rather than explicitly taught. Krashen's theory includes five main hypotheses: acquisition/learning, monitor, natural order, input, and affective filter. Teachers provide comprehensible input through activities and focus on creating a low-anxiety environment to help students progress from understanding to speaking.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    126 views20 pages

    Natural Approach Stephen Krashen

    Uploaded by

    Piyu Mahatma
    The Natural Approach to second language acquisition developed by Stephen Krashen builds on principles of natural language learning. It focuses on using the target language in communicative, meaningful situations without relying on translation. Grammar is acquired implicitly rather than explicitly taught. Krashen's theory includes five main hypotheses: acquisition/learning, monitor, natural order, input, and affective filter. Teachers provide comprehensible input through activities and focus on creating a low-anxiety environment to help students progress from understanding to speaking.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    Stephen Krashen

    •Terrell taught Spanish. She


    wished to apply naturalistic
    principles of SLA (Second
    Language Acquisition).
    •Stephen Krashen, an applied
    linguistic, built on the rationale
    “The Natural Approach” (1983).
    • They related their approach to
    the Natural or Direct Method.
    A) Use of language in
    communicative situations
    without recourse to the native
    language.
    B) Teaching without any reference
    to grammar.
    C) Textbook examples.
    THEORY OF LANGUAGE:
    •Communication is the primary function of language.
    •Language is viewed as a vehicle for communicating meanings and messages.
    •Grammatical structures do not require explicit analysis or attention.

    THEORY OF LEARNING:
    •There are 5 Principal tenets of the theory:
    1. The acquisition/learning hypothesis.
    2. The monitor hypothesis.
    3. The natural order hypothesis.
    4. The input hypothesis.
    5. The affective filter hypothesis.
    • There are two distinctive ways
    of developing competences in
    second languages acquisition, by
    acquisition and by learning.
    • Conscious learning can only be
    used as a Monitor or an editor.
    • We acquire the rules of language
    in a predictable order.
    • We acquire language in only one
    way: by understanding messages
    or by receiving comprehensible
    input.
    • I
    • I+1
    • Motivation, self confidence, and
    anxiety all affect language
    acquisition.
    • The Natural Approach is for
    beginner students up to
    intermediate.
    • Four broad areas; basic personal
    communicative skills
    (speaking/listening); academic
    learning skills (oral/written)
    • What they can/won’t able to do.
    • The syllabus for the Natural
    Approach is a communicative
    syllabus. Based on a selection of
    communicative activities and
    topics derived from learner
    needs.
    • Comprehensible input is presented in
    the target language, using techniques
    such as TPR, mime and gesture.
    • Group techniques are similar to
    Communicative Language Teaching.
    • Learners start to talk when they are
    ready.
    • Processor of comprehensible input.
    • Learner desicions on when to speak,
    what to speak about, what linguistic
    expressions to use.
    • Pre-production stage: participate in
    the language class without need to
    respond.
    • Early production stage: respond
    to familiar questions, fixed
    conversation.
    • Speech-emergent phase: role
    play, games, personal info and
    opinions, group problem-
    solving.
    • Teacher is the primary source of
    comprehensible input.
    • Teacher creates a classroom
    atmosphere that is interesting and
    friendly to the lower and affective
    filter.
    • Teacher chooses a rich mix of
    classroom activities.
    • The world of realia rather than
    text books. Visual aids are
    essential like schedules,
    brochures, advertisement, maps,
    books of level appropriate to the
    learners.
    • In the activities, the instructor
    maintains a constant flow of
    “comprehensible input,” using key
    vocabulary items, appropriate
    gestures, context, repetition, and
    paraphrase to ensure the
    comprehensibility of the input.
    • The Natural Approach Rejects the
    formal grammatical organization of
    language to teach it. It is not used at a
    native level.
    • It emphasizes comprehensible and
    meaningful practice activities, of
    grammatically perfect utterances and
    sentences.

    You might also like