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Smallpox A Dead Disease
Smallpox A Dead Disease
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Learning Outcomes
At the end of presentation, students would be able to know
about,
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Background
Smallpox is an acute, contagious disease unique to humans,
caused by either of two virus variants, Variola major and
Variola minor.
Traders carried the disease from Egypt to India during the 1st
millennium BC. From there it swept into China in the 1st
century AD and reached Japan in the 6th century
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First Case of Smallpox
• There is no animal reservoir, and
no human carriers.
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Epidemiological Triangle
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Campaigns history
1967 WHO began an intensified world wide campaigns
• Smallpox vaccine
• Needles
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Achievement
• By eradication of smallpox
• 2 million death
• Few hundered thousand cases of blindness
10-15 million cases of disease per year are
prevented over last 34 years.
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Case-Definition
smallpox is an illness with acute onset of fever
≥101°F (38.3°C) followed by a rash characterized
by firm, deep-seated vesicles or pustules in the
same stage of development in the same area of
the body without other apparent cause.
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Why we are discussing chickenpox because…
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In the 1980s, the Soviet Union developed Variola as
an aerosol biological weapon and produced tons
of
virus-laden material annually intended for
intercontinental ballistic missiles.
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Smallpox is considered one of the
most serious bioterrorist threats
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Rumours about Small Pox
A reported outbreak of smallpox in the Swabi district of Pakistan has turned out to be
nothing more than chickenpox, reports the World Health Organization
Read more at http://www.wnd.com/2002/06/14278/#iapQgbWFkD4bqmsJ.99
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Infectious agent
• Brick shaped,cosists of double layered membrane which
surrounds –
• Biconcave –Nucleoid congaing DNA core
• Either side lens shaped lateral body
• 300 x 200 x 100 nm
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Epidemiologic chain of events with Smal pox virus
CAUSAL
AGENT
Susceptible HOST
RESERVIOR
Variola major
Children
Cases of
HUMANS
PORTAL OF
PORTAL OF EXIT
MODE OF
ENTRY TRANSMISSION
1. Respiratory 1. Droplet infection Body fluid.
Smallpox
• Patients are source of infection
• Close contacts
• Single crop centrifugal distribution
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The Stage of smallpox
Incubation Period
Prodromal (1 – 3 days)
Vesicles
Pustules
Scab
Scarring
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Virus spread by respiratory route
Clinical Features
Smallpox having three days prodromal illness
characterized.
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Smallpox on the hand: Notice how these lesions
have become confluent. 29
Smallpox in a child: Notice that all lesions are in the same
stage of development.
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Jenner vaccinating
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Vaccination for Small Pox
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Summary
Disease Vaccine Disease Sign Disease
spread by /Symptom complicati
s on
Smallpox Vaccine Respiratory Fever, Infected
does not route headache blister,
contain rashes and bleeding
small pox tiredness disorder
virus ,encephalitis
and
pneumonia
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