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  • 7th Anestrus

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    Usama Rajpoot
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    Anoestrus refers to the lack of estrus cycle or failure to detect estrus in cattle. It can occur in heifers, pregnant cows, and early postpartum cows. The main causes of anoestrus are nutritional deficiencies, stress from lactation, season, and uterine disorders. Anoestrus is classified based on the presence of a corpus luteum, reproductive stage, and underlying cause such as pregnancy, ovarian abnormalities, or hormonal deficiencies. Diagnosis involves rectal palpation to check for a corpus luteum and progesterone testing. Treatment focuses on improving management, nutrition, calf removal, and using hormones like estrogen, GnRH, hCG, or melatonin to stimulate estr

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    7th anestrus

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    Anoestrus refers to the lack of estrus cycle or failure to detect estrus in cattle. It can occur in heifers, pregnant cows, and early postpartum cows. The main causes of anoestrus are nutritional deficiencies, stress from lactation, season, and uterine disorders. Anoestrus is classified based on the presence of a corpus luteum, reproductive stage, and underlying cause such as pregnancy, ovarian abnormalities, or hormonal deficiencies. Diagnosis involves rectal palpation to check for a corpus luteum and progesterone testing. Treatment focuses on improving management, nutrition, calf removal, and using hormones like estrogen, GnRH, hCG, or melatonin to stimulate estr

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    36 views14 pages

    7th Anestrus

    Uploaded by

    Usama Rajpoot
    Anoestrus refers to the lack of estrus cycle or failure to detect estrus in cattle. It can occur in heifers, pregnant cows, and early postpartum cows. The main causes of anoestrus are nutritional deficiencies, stress from lactation, season, and uterine disorders. Anoestrus is classified based on the presence of a corpus luteum, reproductive stage, and underlying cause such as pregnancy, ovarian abnormalities, or hormonal deficiencies. Diagnosis involves rectal palpation to check for a corpus luteum and progesterone testing. Treatment focuses on improving management, nutrition, calf removal, and using hormones like estrogen, GnRH, hCG, or melatonin to stimulate estr

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Anoestrus

    Anoestrus (Definition)

    • Lack of expression of oestrus or failure of its detection


    1. Anestrus (American) Anoestrus (British)
    2. Anestrus = An & Estrus
    3. Cow/buffalo is not showing estrus signs at expected
    time

    • Anoestrus is observed in post pubertal heifers, during


    pregnancy, lactation and in early postpartum period in
    adult animals

    • More in buffalo than cows


    Incidence of Reproductive Disorders in Buffaloes
    (16087 cases during 1989-99 & 17200 cases during 1972-85)
    • Uterine origin 45.1 (51)
    • 1st degree endometritis 56.5 (56)
    • 2nd degree endometritis 15.4 (16)
    • 3rd degree endometritis (Pyometra) 03.4 (3)
    • Puerperal metritis 23.5 (24)
    • Mucometra/hydrometra 01.2 (1)
    • Ovarian origin 38.0 (36)
    • True Anestrus 55.8 (59)
    • Silent heat 32.2 (33)
    • Immature genitalia 09.2 (8)
    • Cystic ovaries 02.8
    • Obstetrical problems 16.9 (13)
    • Genital prolapse 41.8 (42)
    • Prepartum vaginal prolapse 66.2 (65)
    • Postpartum vaginal prolapse 22.4 (23)
    • Postpartum uterine prolapse 11.4 (12)
    • Retention of Placenta 23.4 (24)
    • Dystocia 21.6 (21)
    • Uterine torsion (77:23) 56.5 (57)
    • Uterine inertia 28.2 (28)
    • Fetal dystocia 15.3 (15)
    • Abortion 13.2 (13)
    1st type of Classification

    • (A) On the basis of corpus luteum (CL)

    • (i) Presence of functional corpus luteum (functional anoestrus or apparent


    anoestrus)

    • • Anoestrus due to pregnancy


    • • Anoestrus due to pyometra
    • • Anoestrus due to mummified foetus
    • •Silent heat or weak heat
    • (Management (ED failure), Nutrition (↓ minerals & scarcity of fodder), suckling &
    Hereditary), Temp & Humidity
    Classification

    • (ii) Absence of functional corpus luteum (true


    anoestrus)

    • The ovaries are quiescent, inactive and do not have


    any functional CL. This may be due to:
    • Malnutrition.
    • Lactational stress.
    • Seasonal stress.
    • Chronic wasting disease.
    2nd type of Classification
    • (B) On the basis of reproductive stage of the animal

    1. Prepubertal anoestrus
    Delayed puberty - due to undernutrition
    Nutrition (Weight more important than age, heifers must attain ⅔ of adult wt.)
    Bos taurus = 8-13 months
    Pathological conditions of Reproductive tract
    • Freemartin
    • Hermaphrodite
    • Aplasia
    • Blue Tongue (oophoritis and ovarian atrophy)
    • BVD-Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (oophoritis and ovarian atrophy)
    General debilitating diseases (Chronic Pneumonia)
    Management
    • Faulty management, mixed age group (early < 8 & late > 13 both dangerous)
    • Estrus detection failure
    Classification
    2. Postpartum anoestrus
    • Physiological anoestrus for 2-3 weeks after parturition.
    • PP anestrus duration is mostly directly proportional to the
    status of uterine involution
    • This duration is influenced by age, breed (local), environment,
    genetic & delayed puberty
    • Lactational stress
    • Nutritional effects
    • Uterine diseases RFM, metritis, pyometra etc.
    • Chronic debilitating diseases such as leg injuries, displaced
    abomasum or hardware disease.
    3. Post service anoestrus (Postbreeding Anestrus)
    • Pregnancy.
    • Pyometra.
    • Luteal cyst.
    • Silent oestrus.
    3rd type of classification
    a) Persistant CL (Due to Pregnancy & Uterine abnormalities,
    e.g., Pseudopregnancy-bitch, Pyometra, Mummification,
    Maceration, lack of endometrial glands & segmental aplasia
    of uterus)
    b) Failure follicular development on the ovary (Due to
    ovarian abnormalities, e.g., Hypoplasia, COD, Freemartin,
    ovarian tumours)
    c) Deficiency of Gonadotrophic Hormones (Season (↑
    temp & daylight length), lactation (↑Prolactin), nutrition
    (scarcity of fodder) & age)
    Possible reasons of acyclicity in cows other than
    suckling
    • Visual encounter with the offspring
    or
    • Olfactory encounter with the offspring or
    • Auditory encounter with offspring
    or
    • Combination of all of above
    Anoestrus (Diagnosis)

    • By Rectal palpation / trans-rectal U/S


    • Identify corpus luteum (CL)

    • True: ovaries smooth, serum P4 (0.5-1ng/ml), same at 11


    days later, no CL

    • Sub: Serum P4 >1ng/ml suggests suboestrus, presence of CL


    Treatment of Anoestrus

    • Rule out pregnancy


    • Management tools
    -Improve heat check
    -Provide nutritional supplements
    - Calf removal or once a day milking
    • Hormonal
    • E2, GnRH, hCG, PMSG
    • CIDR, PGF2α
    • Insulin 0.25 i.u/kg s/c for
    5 days (causes GnRH & LH release)
    • Melatonin
    Treatment of Anoestrus

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