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    The document summarizes India's National Guinea Worm Eradication Programme. It provides background on the Guinea worm parasite and disease. The program was launched in 1983-1984 with the goal of eradicating Guinea worm from India. Key strategies included active surveillance, case management, vector control through water treatment and filters, and increasing access to safe drinking water. These efforts led to a dramatic reduction in cases from around 40,000 at the start to just 79 cases in 1996, with the last case reported that year. India was then declared free of Guinea worm disease by WHO and nationally in 2000-2001.

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    National guinea worm eradication programme

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    The document summarizes India's National Guinea Worm Eradication Programme. It provides background on the Guinea worm parasite and disease. The program was launched in 1983-1984 with the goal of eradicating Guinea worm from India. Key strategies included active surveillance, case management, vector control through water treatment and filters, and increasing access to safe drinking water. These efforts led to a dramatic reduction in cases from around 40,000 at the start to just 79 cases in 1996, with the last case reported that year. India was then declared free of Guinea worm disease by WHO and nationally in 2000-2001.

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    152 views38 pages

    National Guinea Worm Eradication Programme

    Uploaded by

    Deepan0507
    The document summarizes India's National Guinea Worm Eradication Programme. It provides background on the Guinea worm parasite and disease. The program was launched in 1983-1984 with the goal of eradicating Guinea worm from India. Key strategies included active surveillance, case management, vector control through water treatment and filters, and increasing access to safe drinking water. These efforts led to a dramatic reduction in cases from around 40,000 at the start to just 79 cases in 1996, with the last case reported that year. India was then declared free of Guinea worm disease by WHO and nationally in 2000-2001.

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    of 38

    NATIONAL GUINEA

    WORM ERADICATION
    PROGRAMME
    GUINEA WORM
    Guinea worm (GW)/Dracunculiasis

    Dracunculiasis was an important public


    health problem in many states of India
    before it was eradicated in 2000.
    INTRODUCTION
    • Dracunculosis or Guinea Worm (GW) disease is caused by the

    nematode Dracunculus medinensis.

    • The adult female guinea worm, measuring 60-100 cm in length,

    emerges through the skin, usually lower limbs, causing swelling,

    ulceration and discomfort to the patients.


    ENDEMIC AREAS TO GW
    GUINEA WORM CASES 1984
    INDIAN SCENARIO
    LIFE CYCLE OF CYCLOPS
    • Dracunculus medinensis, which passes its life cycle in
    two hosts – Man and Cyclops. Man harbours the
    adult parasites in the subcutaneous tissues,
    especially of legs, arms and back, which are likely to
    come in contact with water.
    • A blister appears on the skin when the gravid 60-
    100 cm long adult female worm is ready to
    discharge its larvae
    BLISTER
    • The GW infection is transmitted to a person when an
    GW patient with the ulcer enters into
    active
    drinking water unsafe

    • The contact with water bursts a loop of the uterus


    discharges its thousand of embryos into water. Cyclops
    present in the water ingests these embryos.
    • When a person drinks water containing infected Cyclops, the
    gastric juice of man kills the Cyclops and activates the
    larvae which then penetrate the gut wall and migrate, usually
    to the retro peritoneal connective tissues, when they mature
    into male and female adult worms in about six months
    entering into human body. after

    • The male worm is smaller in size, dies after


    immediately
    copulation and gets absorbed in the
    body. The female
    migrate to those part of the body which are likely to comethen,
    in
    contact with water.
    CYCLOPS
    CYCLOPS WITH
    EGG SACKS
    • The escape of larvae into the water takes place in
    batches and the parturition is usually complete in
    about 2-3 weeks.
    • These larvae are ingested by Cyclops and develop
    into infective stage in about 2 weeks. People
    swallow the infected Cyclops in drinking water from
    step wells or ponds
    • The larvae are liberated in the stomach, cross the
    duodenal wall, and enter the retro-peritoneal
    connective tissues where they grow and mature.
    • The males die after mating. The females migrate in
    about 6 months to parts which come in contact with
    water.
    WORM IN THE BLISTER
    EPIDEMIOLOGY OF GUINEA WORM DISEASE
    • Agent Factors • Environmental factors
    Dracunculus medinensis, nematode worm Step wells: Summer ,Ponds: June-
    Sept, Temp:25-30 C
    M-2cm F-60-120cm
    •Mode of transmission
    • Reservoir Oral: Consumption of water
    Infected person containing cyclops harboring the
    infective parasite.
    • Host factors
    All ages, both sex susceptible
    Repeated infection in same individual
    (no immunity)
    GUINEA-WORM ERADICATION IN INDIA

    • Government of India launched the National


    Guinea Worm Eradication Programme (GWEP)
    in 1983-84 as a centrally sponsored scheme on
    a 50:50 sharing basis between Centre and
    States with the objective of eradicating guinea
    worm disease from the country.
    •.
    • The National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD), Delhi
    worked as the nodal agency for planning, coordination, guidance of
    NGWEP in the country
    • The Programme was implemented by the endemic State Health
    Directorates through the Primary Health Care system
    STRATEGY
    • Based on the life cycle of the worm and
    well defined prevention and control
    measures, Guinea Worm Eradication
    Programme envisaged the efficient
    implementation of strategies.
    REMOVING GW FROM ANKLE
    EMERGENCE OF GW
    • Guinea worm case detection and continuous
    surveillance through three active case search operations
    and regular monthly reporting
    • GW case management
    • Vector control by the application of Temephos in unsafe
    water sources eight times a year and use of fine nylon
    mesh/double layered cloth strainers by the community to
    filter cyclops in all the affected villages
    •Trained manpower development
    •Provision and maintenance of safe drinking water supply on priority
    in GW endemic villages
    •Concurrent evaluation and operational research
    ACTIVE TREATMENT
    IMPLEMENTATIO
    • The endemic State Health N
    through Primary Health Care
    Directorate
    system implemented the programme.
    • The Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India and State Public
    Health Engineering Departments (Rural Water Supply) assist the
    Programme in provision and maintenance of water
    supplies and conversion of unsafe drinking water sources, like
    safe
    wells, and ponds on priority in the guinea worm affected areas. step
    drinkingwere responsible
    • District Medical Officer and PHC medical Officer
    for planning, implementation, monitoring and supervision of the
    GWEP.
    • Annually the Task Force Group under the chairmanship
    of Director General of Health Services, Govt. of
    India, reviewed the GWEP in depth.

    • This task Force Group was constituted by:


    a)Director and Deputy Director (Helminthology) of NICD
    Delhi as convener and coordinator of the work
    b)Directors of Health and Medical Services, GWEP-officers,
    chief engineers (Rural Water Supply) of GW endemic states
    c) Director/Advisor of National Water Mission as members
    d)Experts from WHO, UNICEF, Centre Health Education Bureau
    (CHEB), Planning Commission and related organizations.
    ACHIEVEMENT
    • At the of the programme i.e. in 1984,
    beginning
    there were around 40,000 GW cases in 12840 villages
    • in 89 districts
    During of 79 endemic
    only guinea states.
    worm cases have been
    recorded
    1996 in three villages from Jodhpur (Rajasthan),
    rest of the country continued to remain free from
    GW.
    • Banwari Lal 25 years old from Jodhpur in Rajasthan
    was the last case in India in 1996 (Lancet 2000).
    "GUINEA WORM DISEASE FREE"
    • "Zero" incidence has been maintained since
    August 1996 through active surveillance and
    intensified field monitoring in the endemic
    areas.
    • In the Meeting of WHO in February 2000 the India
    has been certified for the elimination of Guinea
    Worm Disease and on 15th February 2001
    declared India as "Guinea Worm Disease
    Free".
    REFERENCE

    National Institute of Health & Family Welfare


    http://www.nihfw.org/NationalHealthProgramme/GUINEA
    WORMERADICATIONPROGRAMME.html
    THAN
    K YOU

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