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Fundamental of Nursing Unit 1
Fundamental of Nursing Unit 1
Nursing
UNIT #01
BSCN 1ST SEMESTER
B Y TA H I R A B ATO O L
Contents
Introduction
Stages of nursing
History
Early civilization
Ancient cultures
Islam and nursing, Mughal period
Christianity , Middle age and 15th to 19th century
Founder of nursing , Nursing leaders
Scholars define by nursing
Types of nursing programs
Nursing programs in Pakistan
Introduction
Greece
The Greeks believed in Apollo, the Greek god of
healing and prayed to him for magic cures for
their illness.
400B.C.., the famous Greek physician Hippocrates
believed that disease had natural, not magical,
causes.
Conti…
Roman Empire
After 300B.C.., early physician built on the
groundwork of their Egyptian and Greek
predecessors.
The Romans are best known for advances in the
health of the public.
conti….
India
In ancient India, early hospitals were staffed by male
nurses who were required to meet four qualifications:
knowledge of the manner in which drugs should be
prepared for administration, cleverness, devotedness to
the patient, and purity of mind and body. In the reign of
king Asoka Indian hospitals were established . They
looked like modern hospitals of today . They had C-
section facility and also have proper sanitation system
as well.
Islam and nursing
Period of nightingale
Florence nightingale was born in 12 may 1820 in a wealthy
family.
The guardian angel or angel of mercy image arose in the
latter part of 19th century largely because of work of
Florence nightingale , during Crimean war.
• Nightingale-education
Her education included the mastery of several ancient and
modern language , literature, philosophy, history, science,
mathematics, religion, art and music.
The founder of Nursing
Formal training
She was determined to become a nurse since she believed she was
“called by God to help others and to improve the well-being of
mankind”.
She visited kaiserswerth and received nurses training at 1850 for three
months;
• The lady with lamp
The outbreak of the Crimean war gave nightingale an opportunity for
achievement.
Nightingale and her nurses transformed the military hospitals by setting
up diet kitchens, a laundry , recreation centers, and reading rooms ,
and organizing classes for orderlies.
The founder of nursing
Period of nightingale
After the war, nightingale established the
nightingale training school for nurses at ST.
Thomas hospital in London; the school served as
a model for other training school ; as the
founder of modern nursing, Florence nightingale
established the first nursing philosophy based on
health maintenance and restoration.
Nursing leaders
Walt Whitman
Men served as nurses. One notable nurse during
America civil war (1861-73) was Walt Whitman.
According to WHO :
Women roles:
From the beginning of time woman have cared infants and children
thus nursing could be said to have roots in the home generally
the care provided was related to physical maintenance and
comfort.
Religion :
Religion has also played a significant role in the development of
nursing . Although most of the worlds religions encourage
benevolence but firstly it was Christianity which exerts its
effects over care provision to people it gave the values like self –
sacrificing spiritual calling and devotion to duty and hard worK .
Historical perspectives of nursing
War:
War has also put its effect on the nursing field. during Crimean
war the work of Florence nightingale played an important role
to increase the worth of a nurse in providing health care to
patients.
Societal attitudes:
Before mid 1800s nursing was without education ,
organization ,and social status. Women was only to serve her
family as a housewife.
In 19th century this attitude was totally revolved by the work of
nightingale.
Types of Nursing education programmers
'and history of nursing education in Pakistan
Nursing education :
Is designed to guide students into higher-level of nursing
education careers to improve their capabilities.
Nursing assistant (NA)also go by the title of nursing
aides or CNAS (certified nursing assistant).
Licensed practical nurse (LPN)
RN (registered nurse)
BSCN (Baccalaureate degree programs lead to
licensure as an RN
Masters programs in nursing
Doctoral programs
1947-1955 There were only three schools of nursing
with diploma nursing programmed and
diploma in midwifery.
4 additional school of nursing were
established.
No standardized syllabus and books were
selected.
No concept of nursing research .
1956-1997 Post graduate diploma psychiatric, pediatric and community
health nursing
Degree of RN started
Curriculum designed
Research work in nursing started