WAVES

WAVES
Carriers of energy; a disturbance
that propagates through a medium.
disturbance
The act of moving to a given
direction and then returning it to its
equilibrium position. 
medium
 a substance or material that carries the wave
 SOUND
MECHANICAL EARTHQUAKE
WAVES
WAVES WAVES

LIGHT
WAVES
WAVES WATER
WAVES

ELECTROMAGNTIC
WAVES
Waves are categorized on the basis of the direction of
movement of the particles of the medium relative to the
direction which the waves travel.

Transverse waves
Longitudinal waves
Surface waves
TRANSVERSE WAVES
TRANSVERSE WAVES
Is a wave in which particles of the
medium move in a direction
perpendicular to the direction which
the wave moves.
Example: S waves (also known as
secondary, or shear waves. Don’t
travel through fluids.)
LONGITUDINAL WAVES
LONGITUDINAL WAVES
Is a wave in which particles of the
medium move in a direction parallel
to the direction which the wave
moves.
Example: P waves (also know as
primary, compressional or acoustic
waves. Fastes kind of wave.
SURFACE WAVES
SURFACE WAVES
Is a wave in which particles of the
medium undergo a circular motion.
It is neither longitudinal nor
transverse.
Example: Rayleigh waves (Rolls
along surface like a water wave.
Large amplitude)
Check Your Understanding…
 DIRECTION: Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided.
1. A wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction
parallel to the direction which wave moves.
A. Electromagnetic wave C. Sound wave
B. Longitudinal wave D. Transverse wave
2. A wave in which particles of the medium moves in a direction
perpendicular to the direction which the wave moves.
A. Electromagnetic wave C. Longitudinal wave
B. Light wave D. Transverse wave
3. Surface wave is a wave in which particles of the medium
undergo a motion.
A. Circular C. Perpendicular
B. Parallel D. Up and Down
Check Your Understanding…
 DIRECTION: Write the letter of the correct answer on the
space provided.
4. Carrier of energy; a disturbance that propagates
through a medium.
A. Pulse C. Wave
B. Vibration D. Wave length
5. How do we know that waves carry energy?
A. Due to its up and down movement.
B. Due to its vibration.
C. Particles vibrate alternately.
D. Waves can set object into motion.
Check Your Answer…
1. A wave in which particles of the medium move in a
direction parallel to the direction which wave moves.
A. Electromagnetic wave C. Sound wave
B. Longitudinal wave D. Transverse wave
2. A wave in which particles of the medium moves in a
direction perpendicular to the direction which the wave
moves.
A. Electromagnetic wave C. Longitudinal wave
B. Light wave D. Transverse wave
3. Surface wave is a wave in which particles of the
medium undergo a motion.
A. Circular C. Perpendicular
B. Parallel D. Up and Down
Check Your Answer…
4. Carrier of energy; a disturbance that
propagates through a medium.
A. Pulse C. Wave
B. Vibration D. Wave length
5. How do we know that waves carry energy?
A. Due to its up and down movement.
B. Due to its vibration.
C. Particles vibrate alternately.
D. Waves can set object into motion.
ASSIGNMENT
1. Define the following terms:
a. Wave length
b. Amplitude
c. Frequency
2. Draw and label the different parts of
wave.
(write it in short bond paper)
Identify the parts of the
wave
CRESTS

WAVE
LENGTH

AMPLITUDE

INTERVAL

 TROUGH
LONGITUDINAL WAVE

SURFACE WAVE
WAVE LENGHT
 The length of one complete wave cycle.
Can be measured as the distance from
crest to crest or from trough to trough.
AMPLITUDE
 refers to the maximum amount of
displacement of a particle on the
medium from its rest position.
 distance from rest to crest; rest to
trough
 WAVE
LENGTH

AMPLITUDE

AMPLITUDE
CREST
 is the point on the medium that exhibits
the maximum amount of positive or
upward displacement from the rest
position
TROUGH
  is the point on the medium that exhibits
the maximum amount of negative or
downward displacement from the rest
position.
 CRESTS

 TROUGH
COMPRESSION
  a point on a medium through which
a longitudinal wave is traveling that
has the maximum density. 
RAREFACTION
  a point on a medium through which
a longitudinal wave is traveling that
has the minimum density. 
FREQUENCY (f)
   refers to the number of waves
 

that pass a particular point for

every one seconds.
The unit of frequency is the
hertz(Hz); 1Hz= 1cycles/second
f =
Find the Frequency…
 A tennis coach paces back and forth along
the sideline 10 times in 2 minutes. The
frequency of her pacing is ________ Hz.
  Given: N cycles= 10 times
N seconds = 2 minutes (120 seconds)
  Frequency =
 

   Frequency= 0.083 Hz
PERIOD (T)
 is the time required for one
 

complete wave to pass a given

point.
 T = (The unit of period is
time such as seconds, hours,
days or years.)
 Find the Period…
  A tennis coach paces back and forth along
 

the sideline 10 times in 2 minutes. The

frequency of her pacing is 0.083 Hz. Find the
period?
 Given: f= 0.083Hz
T = =

T = 12.048seconds
WAVE SPEED
Is the distance traveled by
the wave per second.
Wave speed = (frequency) *
(wavelength)
Unit of measurement is
meter/second (m/s)
Find
   F= the wave speed….
 Supposed
F= you observed an anchored
boat
F= 0.2 rise
Hz and fall once every 5.0 seconds
as waves crests are 30 meters apart pass
by it.speed
Wave What=the speed of the waves?
(Frequency) * ( wave length)
wave speed
Given: N =cycle=
(0.2 Hz) 1*;(30 meters)
N seconds= 5.0
wave speed = 6 m/s
seconds; wave crests= 30 meters
Wave speed = (frequency)*(wave
length)
Check Your Understanding…
L

1. The wavelength of the wave in the diagram

above is given by letter ______.
2.  The amplitude of the wave in the diagram
above is given by letter _____.
Check Your Understanding…
3. A period of 5.0 seconds corresponds
to a frequency of ________ Hertz.
4. The period of the sound wave
produced by a 40 Hertz tuning fork is
___________.
5. What are the two parts of longitudinal
wave?
Check Your Answer…
L

1. The wavelength of the wave in the diagram

A
above is given by letter ______.
2.  The amplitude of the wave in the diagram
D
above is given by letter _____.
Check Your Answer…
3. A period of 5.0 seconds corresponds
0.2 Hertz.
to a frequency of ________
4. The period of the sound wave
produced by a 40 Hertz tuning fork is
0.025seconds
___________.
5. What are the two parts of longitudinal
wave?
Compression; rarefaction
ASSIGNMENT:
1. What is electromagnetic wave?
2. What is mechanical wave?
3. Differentiate electromagnetic wave
from mechanical wave.
4. Give example of electromagnetic
wave.
MECHANICAL WAVE
 a wave that is not capable of transmitting i
energy through a vacuum.
It requires a medium in order to transport
their energy from one location to another.
Examples: Sound wave, slinky wave, water
waves, stadium waves, jump rope waves,
earthquake waves
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE
A wave that is capable of transmitting
its energy through a vacuum (empty
space)
Doesn’t require a medium for their
passage.
Example: radio waves, visible light,
gamma rays, x-ray, ultraviolet rays
SOUND
SOUND
is a wave that is created by vibrating
objects and propagated through a
medium from one location to another.
sound wave is transported from one
location to another by means of particle-
to-particle interaction.
Sound wave is an example of
longitudinal wave (mechanical wave)
TRANSMISSION OF
SOUND
Sound travel FASTEST in SOLID.
Sound travel SLOWEST in GAS.
Sound travel FASTEST in
SOLIDS.
Sound travel SLOWEST in
GASES.
LIQUIDS are better
transmitter of sound than
gases.
PITCH
The highness and lowness of
sound.
A high pitch sound corresponds
to a high frequency sound wave.
A low pitch sound corresponds
to a low frequency sound wave.
CHECK YOUR
UNDERSTANDING
1. Sound waves are Mechanicalthat needs a medium
waves
for sound to propagate.
2. Vibration of the medium creates a series of
compression and rarefaction which result to 3.
Longitudinal
. wave
4. Sound can travel in all media but not in a
vacuum .
5. Sound is fastest in matter that is closely pack
(solid) and in gas. slowest
ASSIGNMENT
 Explain how does the following affects
the sound speed.
a. Atmospheric temperature
b. Humidity
c. Atmospheric pressure
SPEED OF SOUND
Sound speed isSPEE
dependent on
several factors such as:
a. Atmospheric pressure
b. Relative humidity
c. Atmospheric temperature
 High values of these elements
leads to faster moving sound
except humidity.
 Speed of sound
basically depends on:
a. Elastic property
b. Inertial property.
ELASTIC PROPERTY
Is concerned with the ability of the
material to retain/maintain its shape
and not to deform when a forced is
applied on it.
Solids as compared to liquids and
gases have the highest elastic
property.
The greater the elastic property, the
faster the sound waves travel.
INERTIAL PROPERTY
Is the tendency of the material to
maintain its state of motion.
More inertial property means the
more inert (more massive or greater
mass density) the individual particles
of the medium, the less responsive
they will be to interact between
neighboring particles and the slower
that the sound wave will be.
HUMAN EAR
HUMAN EAR
HUMAN EAR
The ear is part of the peripheral
auditory system.
Divided into 3 major parts:
outer ear
middle ear
inner ear
 OUTER MIDDLE INNER
EAR EAR EAR

HUMAN EAR
OUTER EAR
 The folds of cartilage
surrounding the ear canal
are called the pinna.
 Pinna collects the sound
waves and focuses them
into the ear canal.
 Ear canal amplifies the
sound and transmits the
sound wave to the
eardrum (tympanic
membrane)
MIDDLE EAR
 Sound waves traveling
through the ear canal will
hit the tympanic
membrane, or eardrum.
 Air vibrations set the
eardrum in motion that
causes the three smallest
bone to move: 
malleus (hammer),
incus (anvil) and 
stapes (stirrup)
MIDDLE EAR
These three bones
convert the small-
amplitude vibration of
the eardrum into
large-amplitude
oscillations.
These oscillations are
transferred to the
inner ear through the
oval window
INNER EAR
Behind the oval window is a snail-shell
shaped liquid-filled organ called the
cochlea.
The large-amplitude oscillations create
waves that travel in liquid. These sound
are converted into electrical impulses
which are sent to the brain by auditory
nerve.
 The brain interprets these signals as
words, music or noise.
FREQUENCIES OF SOUND
AUDIBLE SOUND
 Human ear can only sense within the frequency
range of about 20Hz- 20, 000Hz
ULTRASONIC SOUND
 High-frequency sound waves, usually greater
than 20, 000 Hz.
 Ultrasonic waves are used to help physicians
see our internal organ by means of ultrasonic
technology.
 Bats use ultrasonic ranging techniques to
detect their pray (100k Hz ).
ULTRASONIC TECHNOLOGY
INFRASONIC SOUND
 Extremely low-frequency sound waves, usually
less than 20 Hz down to 0.001 Hz.
 This frequency range is utilized by seismograph
for earthquake monitoring.
LOUDNESS and INTENSITY
 Is a psychological sensation that differs from
different people.
 Loudness is subjective but still related to the
intensity of sound.
 A logarithmic scale is used to describe sound
intensity. The unit of intensity level for sound is
decibel (dB), which was named after Alexander
Graham Bell.
 On the decibel scale, an increase of 1 dB means
that sound intensity is increased by a factor of
10.
CHECK YOUR UNDESTANDING…
1. Identify the 3 major parts of ear outer, middle
and inner ear
2. What are the three smallest bones in human
ear? Malleus (hammer), incus (anvil) and
stapes (stirrup)
3. Match column A to column B
A B
1.
Apinna A. outer ear
2.
C oval window B. middle ear
3.
A ear canal C. inner ear
4.
C cochlea
5.
B incus (anvil)