Bio Q4 Module 1 - Week 1

Biotechnology
Quarter 4: Week 1
Application of Biotechnology in Health
Quarter 4- Module 1:Application of
Biotechnology in Health
Third Quarter: Module 1
May 24-28, 2021
• Pre-Test (15 points) ______ (g. form)
• Written Work # 1 (10 points) _____ (g. form)
Biotechnology is not considered in itself as a science but as a
multidisciplinary area that includes knowledge of the
application of scientific principles and applied sciences (such
as biology, chemistry, engineering and genetics, etc.) with
high use in agriculture, pharmacy, food science, forestry and
medicine, and processing of materials by biological agents to
provide goods and services which allows to get a benefits for
human being.
Red or healthcare biotechnology is applied to medical and
food science processes. Includes molecular diagnostic
techniques, development of vaccines, antibiotics and new
drugs, production of biological molecules for therapeutic
purposes (such as hormones and antibodies) gene therapy
(modification of the genetic material of cells for treating
diseases or disorders), transgenic animals as bioreactors
(production of pharmacological proteins in milk of farm
animals). For example, the development of generic
engineering to cure diseases.
Importance of Biotechnology in Health
• to develop products for human health (Biotech drugs and

development of product services)
• for the molecular diagnostics
• for the treatment or prevention of disease
• help reduce disease transmission from new vaccines
• Use in forensic through DNA profiling
A. Products for Human Health
• Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Products

• The common pharmaceutical biotechnology products that are made by the
biotech pharmaceutical companies include, Antibodies, Proteins, and
Recombinant DNA Products.
• Antibodies- Antibodies are proteins that are produced by white blood cells
and are used by the immune system to identify bacteria, viruses, and other
foreign substances and to fight them off.
• Proteins- Proteins made of amino acids are large, complex molecules that

do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function,
and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.
• Recombinant DNA Products- Recombinant Deoxyribonucleic Acid is the
genetically engineered DNA created by recombining fragments of DNA from
different organisms. Some of the Recombinant DNA Products include:
• Recombinant DNA Vaccines

• Recombinant DNA Drugs
• Recombinant DNA Enzymes
• Recombinant DNA Growth Hormone
• Recombinant DNA Insulin
• Recombinant DNA Proteins
• Recombinant DNA Yeast
B. Molecular Diagnosis
• (Development of products or services for molecular diagnostic for the
treatment or prevention of disease)
• Molecular diagnostics is a collection of techniques used to analyze biological

markers biological in the genome and proteome, and how their cells express
their genes as proteins, applying molecular biology to medical testing. In
medicine the technique is used to diagnose and monitor disease, detect risk,
and decide which therapies will work best for individual patients.
Example of Genetic/Molecular Testing/Genetic Engineering:
• Forensic/Identity testing
• Determining sex
• Conformational diagnosis of symptomatic individuals
• New-born screening
• Prenatal diagnostic screening
• Correcting genetic defects
• Treating diseases
• Preventing the spread of disease
• Altering genome

C. Treatment or prevention of disease

1. Vaccines
• A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular
disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-
causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of
the microbe or its toxins. The agent stimulates the body’s immune system
to recognize it as foreign, destroy it, and ”remember” it, so that the
immune system can more easily identify and destroy any of these
microorganisms that it encounters later.
• Vaccinated people produce antibodies that neutralize a disease-causing
virus or bacterium. They are much less likely to become infected and
transmit those germs to others.
2. Antibiotics and Antivirals
• Antibiotics are powerful medicines that fight bacterial infections. They

either kill bacteria or stop them from reproducing, allowing the body’s
natural defenses to eliminate the pathogens. If used properly, antibiotics
can save lives. But growing antibiotic resistance is curbing the effectiveness
of these drugs. Taking an antibiotic as directed, even after symptoms
disappear, is key to curing an infection and preventing the development of
resistant bacteria.
3. Chemotherapy and Drug Therapy
• Chemotherapy is the use of potent drugs or chemicals, often in combinations

or intervals, to kill or damage cancer cells in the body. Chemotherapy drugs
are often called anticancer agents. The drugs must be toxic enough to kill
leukemic cells, which is why chemotherapy can be hard on your body; the
drugs' toxicity can harm your healthy cells as well. However, successful
chemotherapy depends on the fact that cancerous cells are more sensitive to
the chemicals in the drug than normal cells are.
4. Radiation Therapy
• Radiation therapy, also called radiotherapy or irradiation, can be used to

treat leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma and myelodysplastic syndromes.
• Radiotherapy works by damaging the genetic material (DNA) within cells,

which prevents them from growing and reproducing. Although the
radiotherapy is directed at cancer cells, it can also damage nearby healthy
cells. However, current methods of radiotherapy have been improved upon,
minimizing “scatter” to nearby tissues. Therefore its benefit (destroying the
cancer cells) outweighs its risk (harming healthy cells).
5. Immunotherapy
• Immunotherapy, also called biological therapy, utilizes your own immune
system to fight cancer. It generally results in fewer short-term side effects
than chemotherapy does. Immunotherapies being used or studied to treat
blood cancer include:
• Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy
• Cytokine treatment
• Donor lymphocyte infusion
• Monoclonal antibody therapy
• Radio immunotherapy
• Reduced-intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation
• Therapeutic cancer vaccines
6. Stem Cell
• Blood stem cells are produced in the bone marrow and can become any
kind of blood cell the body needs. Stem cells are constantly dividing and
maturing into different types of blood cells, replacing older and worn-out
blood cells in the body. They produce billions of new blood cells every day. If
the stem cells cannot make enough new blood cells, many serious health
problems can occur. These problems may include infections, anemia or
bleeding.
• Stem cell transplantation (SCT), sometimes referred to as
bone marrow transplant, is a procedure in which a patient receives healthy
stem cells to replace damaged stem cells.
• This usually takes the form of a bone marrow transplantation, but the cells
can also be derived from umbilical cord blood.
7. Tissue nanotransfection
• (TNT) is an electroporation-based technique capable of gene and drug cargo
delivery or transfection at the nanoscale. Furthermore, TNT is a scaffold-
less tissue engineering(TE) technique that can be considered cell-only or
tissue inducing depending on cellular or tissue level applications. The
transfection method makes use of nano channels to deliver cargo to tissues
topically.
8. Artificial Tissue Growth
• Tissue engineering evolved from the field of biomaterials development and

refers to the practice of combining scaffolds, cells, and biologically active
molecules into functional tissues. The goal of tissue engineering is to
assemble functional constructs that restore, maintain, or improve damaged
tissues or whole organs.
9. Gene Therapy
• The process in which a faulty gene is removed or replaced with its healthy
copy to restore the normal function of that gene.
• Replacing mutated gene that causes disease with a healthy copy of the gene
• Inactivating or “knocking out” a mutated gene that is functioning
improperly
• Introducing the new gene that help fight a disease

Bio Q4 Module 1 - Week 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bio Q4 Module 1 - Week 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Biotechnology

• to develop products for human health (Biotech drugs and

• Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Products

• Proteins- Proteins made of amino acids are large, complex molecules that

• Recombinant DNA Vaccines

• Molecular diagnostics is a collection of techniques used to analyze biological

• Antibiotics are powerful medicines that fight bacterial infections. They

• Chemotherapy is the use of potent drugs or chemicals, often in combinations

• Radiation therapy, also called radiotherapy or irradiation, can be used to

• Radiotherapy works by damaging the genetic material (DNA) within cells,

• Tissue engineering evolved from the field of biomaterials development and

You might also like