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  • Gene Mutation: Presentated By: - Abida Khan - Shumaila Gull - Mehwish Rahman

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    Mehwish Rahman
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    Gene mutations are permanent changes to the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. Mutations occur naturally at a rate of about 1 in every 1 billion base pairs. Most people have around 6 mutations in each cell of their body. Not all mutations are apparent since the affected gene may still function normally or the mutation may have no effect. Mutations can increase genetic variation in a population and some variations may help organisms survive better.

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    Gene Mutation

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    Gene mutations are permanent changes to the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. Mutations occur naturally at a rate of about 1 in every 1 billion base pairs. Most people have around 6 mutations in each cell of their body. Not all mutations are apparent since the affected gene may still function normally or the mutation may have no effect. Mutations can increase genetic variation in a population and some variations may help organisms survive better.

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    14 views15 pages

    Gene Mutation: Presentated By: - Abida Khan - Shumaila Gull - Mehwish Rahman

    Uploaded by

    Mehwish Rahman
    Gene mutations are permanent changes to the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. Mutations occur naturally at a rate of about 1 in every 1 billion base pairs. Most people have around 6 mutations in each cell of their body. Not all mutations are apparent since the affected gene may still function normally or the mutation may have no effect. Mutations can increase genetic variation in a population and some variations may help organisms survive better.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 15

    Gene Mutation

    Presentated by:
    •Abida khan
    •Shumaila Gull
    •Mehwish Rahman
    Topic to be covered:
    • What is gene mutation?
    • How common are mutations?
    • If I have that many mutations, why do not I
    look weird?
    • How do a mutation affect a population?
    • Causes of gene mutation
    • Types of mutation
    • conclusion
    What is gene mutation?

    • A gene mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that


    makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs from what is found in the
    most people.
    How common are gene mutations?
    • Mutations occurs at a frequency of about 1 in
    every 1 billion base pairs.
    • Everybody has about 6 mutation in each cell in
    their body.
    If I have hat many mutations, why don't I
    look weird?
    • Mutations are not always seen. The affected
    gene may still function.
    • Mutation may be harmful.
    • Mutation may be beneficial.
    • Mutation may have no effect on the
    organism.
    How do mutations affect a population?

    • Mutations are a major source of genetic


    variation in a population increasing
    biodiversity.
    • Some variation may help them to survive
    better.
    Causes of mutation
    • Four classes of mutations are
    (1) spontaneous mutations (molecular decay).
    (2) mutations due to error-prone replication
    bypass of naturally occurring DNA damage
     (also called error-prone translation synthesis).
    (3) errors introduced during DNA repair.
    (4) induced mutations caused by mutagens.
    Types of mutation
    • Point mutation
    • Subsitution

    • framshift
    Point mutation
    • A point mutation or substitution is a genetic
    mutation where a single nucleotide base is
    changed.
    • There are three types of point mutation:
    1. Silent
    2. Miss sense
    3. Non sense
    Point mutation types
    substitution
    Frame shift mutation
    • Also know as frame error
    • A frameshift mutation is a
    genetic mutation caused by a deletion or
    insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the
    way the sequence is read. ...
    Therefore, frameshift mutations result in
    abnormal protein products with an incorrect
    amino acid sequence that can be either longer
    or shorter than the normal protein.
    Frame shift muation
    Classification of mutation on basis of affected
    cell:
    On the basis of the cell affected mutation can be
    divided as:
    • Somatic cell mutation: when there is a change
    in DNA sequence of a somatic or non-
    reproductive cell.
    • Germinal cell mutation: when there is
    mutation in the reproductive cells like gonads.

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