IB B

M S CT
A BU 6
IN I 4
TE LD 3
NA IN TOPIC: THE MAINTENANCE AND
NC G REMEDIAL WORK PROCESS OF
E PRECAST COLUMN

PREPARED BY: PREPARED FOR:

1. SHARIFAH NUR ATIQAH (2020963365)

PROF.MADYA DR HAYROMAN BIN
2. NAJIHA (2020963175)
AHMAD
3. NUR AINIE IZATIE (2020963403)
CASE STUDY Technology
Fields
Technology Profiles Expected Technology Competency

• Drawing & Survey.

• Feasibility.
Development • Analysis & Design.
• Estimating & Scheduling.
• Specifications & Contractual
Documentation.

• Risk Identification & Safety.

• Project Management (Work
Scheduling & Reporting, Procurement
Manufacturing
The project of case study that has been choosen is & Coordination of Labour &
bungalow house at Sungai Ramal, Kajang Building & Equipment).
• Inspection & Supervision.
Construction
Technology
Objectives • Equipment Selection.
(BC) of MBOT • Testing Planning & Management.
• To identify the factor of segregation in precast • Testing Equipment Operations.
Testing
column. • Standards & Specifications
Compliance.
• To identify the right method for repairing and • Verifications.
maintenance work according to MBOT.
• Management, Supervision &
Inspection.
Commissioning
Problem Statement • Standards & Specifications
Compliance.
The issue for this case study is how to repair the
defect on the precast column. Segregation is the • Defect Liability Period.
defect that identified. It is happens because of poor Maintenance • Maintenance Scheduling &
Operations.
mixing of concrete. • Analysis & Improvement Planning.
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

Feasibility
Feasibility studies in the very early stage of a project are
preliminary studies.
• Determine the viability of the project.
• Help find the right option.
• To detect the defect and determine the causes.
Drawing & • In this investigation, segregation of the precast
Design column is identified.

In this study…
The segregation could result in internal variables like
concrete is not correctly metered and not adequately
mixed. It could also be a result of external factors.
 Technology Fields Technology Profiles Expected Technology Competency

Building & Construction Testing • Equipment Selection

Technology • Testing Planning & Management
TESTING
(BC) of • Testing Equipment Operations
• Standards & Specifications Compliance
MBOT • Verifications

The operation of the Rebound hammer is shown

• For the testing of segregation, rebound in the Figure 2.0.
hammer test can be done.
• The rebound hammer test is a non-
destructive (NDT) and easy concrete test that
is used to determine the concrete's
compressive strength without causing any
harm.
• Spring-loaded hammer is consisting of
Spring-loaded hammer. The elastic mass
(test equipment) was completed by a plunger Figure 2.0 Operation of rebound hammer
that could be easily controlled by hand. The • The first image of the Rebound hammer is at
surface of the sample is struck by this a right angle to the concrete surface, while
hammer. The rebound hammer struck the the second image shows the hammer being
concrete with a set amount of force, and the pressed into the concrete surface at a defined
energy. The hammer is then released in the
rebound number was calculated with the use
third image, causing the hammer to rebound
of a writer, and the rebound number was and display a rebound number on the
Figure 1.0 Rebound associated with the concrete's compressive
Hammer graduated scale in the fourth image.
strength.
 Technology Fields Technology Profiles Expected Technology Competency

Building & Construction Testing • Equipment Selection

Technology • Testing Planning & Management
(BC) of • Testing Equipment Operations
TESTING
• Standards & Specifications Compliance
MBOT • Verifications

PROCEDURE FOR REBOUND TEST

• The process is the same for all settings, except
• The hammer must be calibrated before the make sure the hammer is held at a right angle to
procedure can begin. The Rebound hammer the test specimen. Assume that the Horizontal
is put to the test against a Steel test anvil with Position is used to test the strength of a column.
a Brinell hardness of roughly 5000MPa. Vertical Upward Position is used to measure
• To begin, clean the concrete surface to beam strength in the same way.
ensure it is clean and free of grime. As • The plunger is then made to hit the concrete
previously stated, there are four steps to the Figure 3.0 Different surface with impact energy after the hammer is in
positions to test the
operation of the rebound hammer. In the first concrete specimen.
place (refer table 1.0)
stage, the hammer is held at right angles to • When pushing the plunger against the concrete, it
the concrete surface of the structure to bounces back and gives a reading on a graduated
determine the rebound number. Next, make scale, which is recorded as a rebound number.
sure the hammer is at an absolute right angle • The rebound hammer will give a respectable
to the concrete surface; any other angle could estimate of relative strength if a large number of
result in a discrepancy, i.e. observations are made over a grid.

Table 1.0 Approximate Impact

energy levels depending on the
concrete use
 o The foremost condition to avoid segregation is homogeneous mix

QUALITY CONTROL i.e. design of the mix should be accurate. Quality assurance is
required to ensure that sources of cement, aggregate, water and
admixture identified during the mix design remains same for all
batches.

o Poorly graded aggregate & excessive water content is the major

cause of segregation therefore gradation should be checked and
Quality control
modified at source to match specified gradation as frequently as
possible.

o Concrete should not be dropped more than 3 to 5 ft when placed.

Even then it should not be allowed to bounce off the form sides or
off the reinforcing steel because segregation will occur.

o If unmonitored, excess water is added by unskilled labours/labour

contractors for increasing workability (less effort in placing and
mixing) leading to higher water-cement ratio in concrete. This
should be avoided. Admixtures or air entraining agents should be
 Improper or insufficient compaction of concrete. used to avoid segregation, that too not beyond prescribed by
 The insufficient mixing time of concrete. Either the design/engineer in charge
concrete is mixed for a lower duration or longer
duration. They both cause segregation of concrete.
Technology Fields Technology Profiles Expected Technology
Competency
Building & Commissioning • Management, Supervision
Construction & Inspection.
Technology
(BC) of • Standards &
Specifications
MBOT Compliance.
COMMISISIONING

Us
Venus has a beautiful name and is
the second planet from the Sun. It’s
terribly hot—even hotter than
Mercury—is extremely poisonous
MAINTENANCE 6. Precautions should be taken to avoid damaging or staining
precast units by:
1. After a building is completed the new precast panels • Ensuring access equipment does not scratch or chip
should be cleaned down and a matt finish clear sealer precast surfaces.
applied to the surface. This will keep the surface in • Ensuring window cleaning solution (“run-off”) is
pristine condition, prevent airborne grime adhering to cleaned from precast units to prevent staining.
the surface and allow for easy cleaning by hosing
down every year or so.

2. Precast expands and contracts. Ensure the precast Technology Technology Expected Technology
joints are properly sealed. Fields Profiles Competency

3. If a sealer has not been applied, the precast should Building & Maintenance • Defect Liability
Construction Period.
be power-washed every four to six years (based on the
• Maintenance
effects of the environment such as acid rain) to Technology Scheduling &
maintain its original appearance. (BC) of Operations.
• Analysis &
MBOT Improvement
4. Follow applicable by-laws regarding use of grit- Planning.
blasting or acid cleaning procedures.

5. If using acid to clean surfaces, pre-test a sample to

ensure precast units will not be damaged by the
treatment.
 CONCLUSION

The data obtained in the case studies revealed that there is an arise a problematic situation such
as defects (segregation) and that need sophisticated tools towards a solution. Presently, the
implementation of MBOT tools in the new system is the better improvement to lead the
tremendous saving in the budget, time planning and to receive the precise data in handling the
defect diagnosis and control. The suggestion for good practices was through the implementation
of MBOT to reduce the repetition of defect on the design specification used and construction
practiced for the building structure and facility.
REFERENCES
● . (2005). The European Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete Specification, Production and Use “The
European Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete.” Retrieved from
https://www.theconcreteinitiative.eu/images/ECP_Documents/EuropeanGuidelinesSelfCompactingConcret
e.pdf.
● . (n.d.). Cause, Effect, and Types of Segregation of concrete. Retrieved from
https://www.civilconcept.com/cause-effect-and-types-of-segregation-of-concrete/?print=pdf.
● Maintenance of Precast Concrete | Wilco Precast. (2018, December 18). Retrieved June 28, 2021, from
Wilco Precast website: https://wilcoprecast.co.nz/maintenance/.
● Constro Facilitator. (2021). Injection Grouting for concrete repair- types, process and application. Retrieved
from: https://www.constrofacilitator.com/injection-grouting-for-concrete-repair-types-process-and-
applications/
 APPENDICES

• We are having a group discussion for this assignment through g-meet.