CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS-III (RAR – 302)

LECTURE 06
SECTION B: BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
MODULE -9: ROOF TERRACING
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 ROOF TERRACING: The process of making a
sloped plane over structural roof.

ROOF: A roof is the top covering of a

building, including all materials and
constructions necessary to support it on
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the walls of the building or on uprights,

providing protection against rain, snow,
sunlight, extremes of temperature, and
wind. A roof is part of the building
envelope.

TERRACE: A terrace is an external, raised,

open, flat area in either a landscape (such
as a park or garden) near a building, or as
a roof terrace on a flat roof.

Imp. Note: A roof terrace is defined as an outdoor area that’s directly above an
indoor space, while a balcony projects from the side of a building

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 Meet the trend of
blending the lines
between indoors and
outdoors. using rooftop
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space to create a roof

terrace

Providing rooflights,
bi-folding doors and
natural materials to
‘bring the outdoors
in’

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 In many buildings, the roof area is left under-utilised, and a roof terrace
can help you to make the most of the space, while also creating a stylish
multi-purpose area perfect for relaxing, entertaining and even working.
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 Extensive/Intensive roof gardens
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 Protecting mother-slab from weathering effects:
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 The basic concept / idea:
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insulation roof finish

Protective layer
Water proofing
Mother slab

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 The basic concept / idea:
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 In India, terrace waterproofing has always been done with
very traditional materials. Typical conventional systems
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like brick bat coba, Lime terracing or the "Mud Phuska"

technique are still very much prevalent. These systems are
supposed to be offering terrace waterproofing solution with
some insulation against heat.

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 Process:
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 1. Lime Concrete:
Proportion- Concrete shall consist of 1 cu m brick
ballast, 0.36 cu m of Surkhi and 0.18 cu m white lime Coarse aggregate - over burnt
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(proportion 100 : 36 : 18 by volume). brick ballast

Mixing- Mixing shall be similar to lime concrete in
foundation.
Finishing- As soon as beating has been completed the
mortar that has come to top shall be softened by the
addition of lime, “molasses” and “beal fruit” solution and
smoothened by rubbing and pressing with a trowel or float
to a fine polish.
Curing- The concrete shall be kept wet for a fortnight. The Fine aggregate - surkhi
wetting should be done by covering with straw or sand
and watering frequently by water 

white fat lime slaked at site

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 2. Brick Coba:
The brick bat coba is used
particularly for waterproofing of
flat roofs. It consists of putting
brick bats on roofs, to give a slope
and then grouting the same with
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mortar admixed with various

proprietary chemicals most in the
nature of waterproofing
compounds. In the new
construction house, it provides an
excellent slope in a moderate cost,
so that the water drains away.
Though this conventional way of
terrace waterproofing is prevalent,
it is not a correct way of terrace
waterproofing method, it just gives
slope to terrace to drains away the
water accumulated on terrace.

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 Roof Terracing By Brick Bat Coba:

1. Surface preparation: All existing treatment, coatings on roof slab top is to be

removed and surface cleaned by hard wire brush and washed with water. The
surface should be free from any oil, grease, dust etc. Remedial measured by
provided to all structural cracks. Expansions joints should be treated as per
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standard practice.
2. Brick Bat Laying: On the above green mortar, a layer of brick bats, soaked over
night in water, is laid, having an average thickness of about 110 mm, about 70
mm near rain water pipe and 150 mm at ridge. The gaps between the brick bats
are generally kept between 15 and 20 mm. These gaps are filled with cement
sand mortar, 1:4, admixed with waterproofing material. In hot and dry weather,
the surface should be covered with wet gunny bags immediately after finishing.
Curing should start next day and continued for 7 days.
3. Finishing Layer: The top surface is then finished smooth with 20 mm thick
cement sand mortar, 1:4, admixed with a waterproofer. All liquid admixtures
should be mixed with the mixing water. The surface when green is marked with
300 mm false squares. Curing is to be done by ponding.

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 3. Mud Phuska
It is suitable to hot as well as arid regions, and
is commonly used over R.C.C roofing. The work
is carried out in the following steps.
The R.C.C slab is cleared off dust and loose
material. A layer of hot bitumen is spread over
it at the rate of 1.70 kg of bitumen per square
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metre of roof surface.

A layer of coarse sand is immediately spread
over the hot coat of bitumen , at the rate of
0.6 m3 of sand per 100 m3 of roof surface.
Mud-phuska is prepared from puddle clay
mixed with bhusa at the rate of about 8 kg of
bhusa per m3 of clay. A 10 cm thick layer of
this mud-phuska is applied over the sand-
bitumen layer. Proper slope (usually 1 in 40) is
given in mud-phuska layer. Alternatively ,
slope may be given in RCC slab itself.
The mud-phuska layer is consolidated
properly. It is then plastered with 13 mm coat
of mud-cow-dung mortar (3:1)
Tile bricks are laid flat on plastered surface.
The joints are grouted is 1:3 cement mortar.

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 4. Contemporary products and their use:
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Tar felt Bitumen sheets on roof and parapet

 styrene butadiene latex  PU foam Insulation

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 END

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